Avoiding double negative constructions
理解语法是理解一门语言的关键。
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Avoiding double negative constructions
双否定在语法上是不正确的:任何否定结构中都应该只含有一个否定。
某些代词或副词，如no,nothing(没有任何事),nobody(没有任何人),never(从未)被称为否定词汇。它们自己就表达了否定含义:
某些代词或副词，如no,nothing(没有任何事),nobody(没有任何人),never(从未)被称为否定词汇。它们自己就表达了否定含义:
He never comes over for dinner. 他从来没有过来吃过晚饭。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有任何事可担心的。
Nobody will work tomorrow. 明天没有人会工作。
当句子中已存在否定时，下列词汇被使用:
any代替no,
anything代替nothing,
anybody代替nobody,
ever代替never，等
any代替no,
anything代替nothing,
anybody代替nobody,
ever代替never，等
He has no friends.
He doesn't have any friends.他没有朋友。
He doesn't have any friends.他没有朋友。
I see nothing from here.
I can't see anything from here.我从这儿看不到任何东西。
I can't see anything from here.我从这儿看不到任何东西。
She never calls me.
She doesn't ever call me. 她从来不给我打电话。
She doesn't ever call me. 她从来不给我打电话。
People never call me Mr. Cheeter...
Nobody ever calls me Mr. Cheeter...没人叫我切特先生。
(Nobody有否定义)
Nobody ever calls me Mr. Cheeter...没人叫我切特先生。
(Nobody有否定义)
练习 1
I don't want to see your ugly face again.
I don't ever want to see your ugly face again.
ever: 'Ever' is the best choice here. In a sentence which already carries negation, 'ever' is used as the affirmative equivalent of 'never' to express the idea of something which happens 'at no time' or 'on no occasion'
never: Using 'never' forms a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
always: 'Always' does not make sense in this construction. In English, 'always' is rarely used in negative constructions.
sometimes: 'Sometimes' does not make sense here. The construction 'I don't' is never followed by 'sometimes' to express frequency.
练习 2
Horatio has liked Kevin very much.
Horatio has never liked Kevin very much.
never: Because this sentence carries no negation, we must use the negative term 'never' to create a grammatically correct statement.
ever: Using 'ever' forms a grammatically incorrect sentence. In order to correctly express this thought in an affirmative construction, we must use a negative term.
练习 3
Icarus's mother advises him to leave home without a clean pair of underwear.
Icarus's mother advises him never to leave home without a clean pair of underwear.
never: Because this sentence carries no negation, we must use the negative term 'never' to create a grammatically correct statement.
ever: Using 'ever' forms a grammatically incorrect sentence. In an affirmative construction such as this one, we must use a negative term to correctly complete the sentence.
练习 4
Polly says that she hasn't told a lie, but we know better.
Polly says that she hasn't ever told a lie, but we know better.
ever: 'Ever' is the best choice here. Because this construction is negative ('hasn't' carries the negation), we must use the affirmative term 'ever' to complete the sentence correctly.
never: 'Hasn't' already carries the negation of this sentence. Using 'never' forms a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
always: 'Always' does not fit in this sentence. 'Hasn't' and 'always' cannot be used together to express frequency.
练习 5
Polly says Kevin doesn't know how to do right.
Polly says Kevin doesn't know how to do anything right.
anything: 'Anything' is the correct choice because 'doesn't' carries the negation of the sentence.
nothing: 'Nothing' is incorrect because 'doesn't' already carries the negation of the phrase. To say Kevin 'doesn't know how to do nothing right' forms a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
never: 'Never' does not make sense here.
ever: 'Ever' doesn't fit in this sentence.
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