Ought to
理解语法是理解一门语言的关键。
英语语法小贴士尽在Gymglish在线英语课程。
测试你的英语
免费试用, 无购买义务
在 App Store、Play Store 和 Trustpilot 上排名 4,7
超过8,000,000名全球用户。
Ought to
Ought to与should意思类似。它们都表达了条件式:
You ought to pay him back shortly. 你应该尽快还钱给他。
She oughtn't speak so loudly. 她不应该讲那么大声。
You ought not (to) speak with your mouth full. 你不应该满嘴都是食物就说话。
使用频率比should低，ought 后面总是跟一个带to的动词不定式。除了否定形式内，我们不加to:
You ought not (to) ask so many questions. 你不应该问这么多问题。
练习 1
Bob to be more careful when replacing the network cables. Last week, he used a paper clip to connect a circuit and it caught fire and nearly burned down his office. We call the fire department.
Bob ought 1 to be more careful when replacing the network cables. Last week, he used a paper clip to connect a circuit and it caught fire and nearly burned down his office. We had to 2 call the fire department.
1 ought: We use 'ought' here to express that Bob 'should' be more careful. The phrase 'ought to' expresses a suggestion, and is often synonymous with 'should', though not always replaceable with 'should'.
1 must: We cannot use 'must' here because it cannot precede the preposition 'to'. However, one might say 'You must be more careful'.
1 should: We cannot use 'should' here because it cannot precede the preposition 'to'. However, one might say 'You should be more careful'.
2 had to: We use 'had to' here to express the necessity of the speaker to call the fire department after Bob's electrical fire. This is the best choice here.
2 ought to: Because we know the action of Bob's fire took place in the past, we cannot use 'ought to' which indicates a conditional situation, almost always in the future. We know that the fire took place in the past because of the phrase 'last week'.
2 should: Because we are speaking in the past tense, we cannot use 'should' which expresses a future or conditional situation.
练习 2
Last week, we go on a class trip to the local prison. Our teacher said he wanted to show us what happen to us if we didn't learn our multiplication tables. When we arrived, the prisoners were having an algebra class. My friend Pete asked them if they were in prison because they didn't know their multiplication tables, and they all said 'No'. They said they were in jail because the judges didn't know how to count. 'I stole two cars and got twelve years in prison,' said one. 'And that just doesn't add up. If you really want to stay out of prison, forget mathematics. You study law!'
Last week, we had to 1 go on a class trip to the local prison. Our teacher said he wanted to show us what would 2 happen to us if we didn't learn our multiplication tables. When we arrived, the prisoners were having an algebra class. My friend Pete asked them if they were in prison because they didn't know their multiplication tables, and they all said 'No'. They said they were in jail because the judges didn't know how to count. 'I stole two cars and got twelve years in prison,' said one. 'And that just doesn't add up. If you really want to stay out of prison, forget mathematics. You ought to 3 study law!'
1 had to: This is the best choice here. Because the narrator is speaking about an obligation in the past (the necessity of going on the class trip), we use 'had to' to correctly complete the construction.
1 ought to: Because the narrator is speaking about a past event (last week), we cannot use 'ought to', which is a present tense auxiliary and expresses a sense of a strong suggestion, and is usually used in reference to the future.
1 must: Because the narrator is speaking about a past event (last week), we cannot use 'must', which is a present tense auxiliary and which expresses a sense of obligation and usually refers to the future. Also, 'must to' is grammatically incorrect.
1 need to: Because the narrator is speaking about a past event (last week), we cannot use 'need to', which is a present tense auxiliary and expresses a sense of obligation and usually refers to the future.
2 would: This is the best choice here. Because the teacher is expressing a 'possibility', we use the conditional auxiliary 'would' to show what 'may or may not' happen to the children 'if' they do not learn their multiplication tables.
2 needs: 'Needs happen to us' is grammatically incorrect. The correct construction would be: 'has to happen to us'. If the teacher said this, he would be expressing that if the children don't learn their multiplication, they deserve to be in prison.
2 ought: 'Ought happen to us' is grammatically incorrect. The correct construction would be: 'has to happen to us'. If the teacher said this, he would be expressing that if the children don't learn their multiplication, they deserve to be in prison.
2 has: 'Has happen to us' is grammatically incorrect. The correct construction would be: 'has to happen to us'. If the teacher said this, he would be expressing that if the children don't learn their multiplication, they deserve to be in prison.
3 ought to: This is the best choice here. The prisoner is giving the children advice. He says that it would be best for them to study law. 'Ought to' expresses a strong suggestion, and is generally used to give advice about the future.
3 need: 'You need study law' is grammatically incorrect. We must say: 'You need to study law'.
3 must to: 'You must to study law' is grammatically incorrect. We must say: 'You must study law', although this is an uncommon construction which emphasizes obligation rather than suggestion.
3 should to: 'You should to study law' is grammatically incorrect. We say: 'You should study law' to indicate this suggestion.
练习 3
Philip: Hey, Susie. I'm sorry I couldn't see you this weekend. I visit a sick friend.
Susie: You weren't invited.
Philip: I can see you're having some problems with dry skin. Your hands are really pale. You use lotion.
Susie: Walk away before I kick you in the head.
Susie: You weren't invited.
Philip: I can see you're having some problems with dry skin. Your hands are really pale. You use lotion.
Susie: Walk away before I kick you in the head.
Philip: Hey, Susie. I'm sorry I couldn't see you this weekend. I had to 1 visit a sick friend.
Susie: You weren't invited.
Philip: I can see you're having some problems with dry skin. Your hands are really pale. You ought to 2 use lotion.
Susie: Walk away before I kick you in the head.
Susie: You weren't invited.
Philip: I can see you're having some problems with dry skin. Your hands are really pale. You ought to 2 use lotion.
Susie: Walk away before I kick you in the head.
1 had to: This is the best choice here. Because Philip is speaking of the past, we must use 'had to' to express the obligation of Philip's visit to his sick friend, in the past tense. 'This weekend' can refer either to the weekend which just passed, or the weekend coming up.
1 ought to: Because Philip is speaking about a past event (this weekend actually refers to last weekend), we cannot use 'ought to', which is a present tense auxiliary and which often expresses a sense of the future.
1 should: Because Philip is speaking about a past event (this weekend actually refers to last weekend), we cannot use 'should', which is a present tense auxiliary and which often expresses a sense of the future.
1 mustn't: Because Philip is speaking about a past event (last weekend), we cannot use 'mustn't', a present tense auxiliary and which CANNOT be used to express obligation in the past. Also, Philip is saying that he 'did visit' a friend, so the negative construction 'must not' doesn't make sense in this context.
2 ought to: This is the best choice here. Philip is suggesting that Susie use lotion for her dry skin. 'Ought to' best expresses this sense of suggestion. Note that constructions using 'ought to' generally suggest actions which take place in the future.
2 had to: Because Philip is making a suggestion about a future (conditional) activity, we cannot use the past tense form of the verb 'had' in this case.
2 need: 'You need use lotion' is grammatically incorrect. We could say: 'You need to use lotion' to express the same suggestion correctly.
2 mustn't: Because Philip is making an affirmative suggestion, it does not make sense that he would tell Susie she 'must not' use lotion.
练习 4
Rachid: You to look for a new job, Moira. You are much better than this!
Moira: You’re right, Rachid. I probably done that years ago.
Rachid: You think so?
Moira: I probably have quit as soon as I met Brent…
Moira: You’re right, Rachid. I probably done that years ago.
Rachid: You think so?
Moira: I probably have quit as soon as I met Brent…
Rachid: You ought 1 to look for a new job, Moira. You are much better than this!
Moira: You’re right, Rachid. I probably ought to have 2 done that years ago.
Rachid: You think so?
Moira: I probably should 3 have quit as soon as I met Brent…
Moira: You’re right, Rachid. I probably ought to have 2 done that years ago.
Rachid: You think so?
Moira: I probably should 3 have quit as soon as I met Brent…
1 ought: "You ought to" has the same meaning as "you should". Rachid is expressing a recommendation for a future action for Moira. Another example: "They ought to live together – they're so well suited!".
1 should: "Should" cannot be used before a full infinitive verb. In other words, we cannot say "should to". We could use "should" here if we removed the word "to": "You should look for a new job".
1 must: "Must" cannot be used before a full infinitive verb. In other words, we cannot say "must to". We could use "must" here if we removed the word "to": "You must look for a new job". Note that using "must" would imply a sense of obligation or necessity, which is stronger than a recommendation.
2 ought to have: Moira uses the phrasing "ought to have", followed by the past participle "done", to express regret about the past. She is saying that she should have looked for a new job several years ago. Another example: "I ought to have listened to my mother's advice about buying shares".
2 ought to: We cannot use "ought to" immediately before a past participle like "done". "Ought to" is followed by an infinitive verb and refers to a future action which is a good idea. For example: "I ought to learn how to ride a bike one of these days".
2 ought: When used in affirmative sentences, "ought" must be followed by the word "to". We can only omit "to" in negative sentences with "ought". For examples: "You ought to buy your cousin a gift"; "You oughtn't buy your cousin a gift".
3 should: "I should have quit" has the same meaning as "I ought to have quit". Again, Moira is expressing regret about the past: if she had quit her job at the moment when she met Brent, it would have been better. Another example: "I should have accepted their offer to buy the company".
3 ought: When used in affirmative sentences, "ought" must be followed by the word "to": here, we would say "I ought to have quit". We can only omit "to" in negative sentences with "ought". For examples: "You ought to apologize"; "You oughtn't apologize".
3 must: We cannot use the verb "must" to refer to regret about the past. If Moira said "I must have quit" here, this would imply that she is concluding that she did quit when she met Brent, which is not the case. For example: "I don't have my phone! I must have left it at home!" (I deduce that I left my phone at home).
练习 5
Hannah: I spent more time revising for my sign language exam.
Susie: You known that they would ask you to describe birds and trees!
Hannah: You’re right. I to write a letter of complaint to the exam board!
Susie: You known that they would ask you to describe birds and trees!
Hannah: You’re right. I to write a letter of complaint to the exam board!
Hannah: I ought to have 1 spent more time revising for my sign language exam.
Susie: You couldn't have 2 known that they would ask you to describe birds and trees!
Hannah: You’re right. I ought 3 to write a letter of complaint to the exam board!
Susie: You couldn't have 2 known that they would ask you to describe birds and trees!
Hannah: You’re right. I ought 3 to write a letter of complaint to the exam board!
1 ought to have: Hannah uses the phrasing "ought to have", followed by the past participle "spent", to express regret about the past. She regrets not spending more time revising before her exam. She could also say "I should have spent more time revising". Another example: "You ought to have memorized the code for the door by now".
1 ought to: We cannot use "ought to" immediately before a past participle like "spent". "Ought to" is followed by an infinitive verb and expresses a recommended future action. For example: "We ought to reserve the wedding venue soon, before it is fully booked for next year".
1 ought: When used in affirmative sentences, "ought" must be followed by the word "to". We can only omit "to" in negative sentences with "ought". For examples: "You ought to compliment your employees occasionally"; "You ought not compliment your employees".
2 couldn't have: "You couldn't have known" means "It was not possible for you to know". Susie is saying that during Hannah's revision, she could not predict the specific content of the exam. Another example: "I couldn't have known that I would fall in love with a clown!".
2 ought not: The phrase "ought not" is followed by an infinitive verb (with or without "to"), not a past participle like "known". It expresses a suggestion or recommendation not to do something in the future. For example: "You ought not (to) judge yourself so harshly".
2 didn't: "Didn't" is followed by an infinitive verb (without "to"), not a past participle like "known". This is the standard way of adding negation in the simple past tense. For example: "I didn't know", "You didn't see", "They didn't agree".
3 ought: "I ought to write a letter" has the same meaning as "I should write a letter". "Ought" is followed by a full infinitive (with "to") in affirmative sentences. Another example: "We ought to go swimming every week".
3 should: "Should" cannot be used before a full infinitive verb. In other words, we cannot say "should to". We could use "should" here if we removed the word "to": "I should write a letter of complaint".
3 would: "Would" cannot be used before a full infinitive verb. In other words, we cannot say "would to". We could use "would" if we removed "to" and added a condition to the sentence, for example: "I would write a letter of complaint if I had time".
让您的学习更上一层楼
仍然觉得“Ought to”有困难？用Gymglish提升英语水平——立即试用我们的免费英语课程并接受免费水平评估吧！
他们的意见 :
您有什么避免在“Ought to”上犯错的小贴士吗？那就分享给我们吧！
了解其他语法规则。进一步提高英语水平并试用Gymglish在线英语课程。
