Possession with the verb 'To have'
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Possession with the verb 'To have'
have单独使用(美式)，或者后面跟got(英式)，表示所有:
I've got a car. 我有一辆车。
He hasn't got any money. 他没有任何钱。
He already has a girlfriend. 他已经有女朋友了。
She has two dogs. 她有两条狗。
在英语口语中，have有时指:
(Have you) Got a pen? 你有笔吗？
(Have you) Got a minute? 你有一分钟时间吗？
(Have you) Got a car? 你有车吗？
在疑问句和否定句中，美式英语(单独使用have)与英式英语(have got)不同:have并不作为助动词来进行变位，而是看作普通动词:
英式 -> Have you got a coat? 美式 -> Do you have a coat? 你有外套吗？
英式 -> I haven't got any soda 美式 -> I don't have any soda 我没有苏打水。
英式 -> He hasn't got a dog, has he? 美式 -> He doesn't have a dog, does he? 他没有狗，对吧？
然而，美式的结构目前在英国也能被接受了。
练习 1
Philip: Hey Susie, how's it ? Would you like out for drinks tonight?
Susie: I already plans. Why don't you by yourself?
Philip: Ok.
Susie: I already plans. Why don't you by yourself?
Philip: Ok.
Philip: Hey Susie, how's it going 1? Would you like to go 2 out for drinks tonight?
Susie: I already have 3 plans. Why don't you go 4 by yourself?
Philip: Ok.
Susie: I already have 3 plans. Why don't you go 4 by yourself?
Philip: Ok.
1 going: 'How's it going?' (or 'How is it going?') uses the 'ING' form of the verb 'to go'. Philip asks about Susie's current state, so we use the present progressive form of the verb. 'How's it going?' is an English expression synonymous with 'How are you?' or 'How are you doing?'
1 go: 'Go' is incorrect. The interrogative phrase 'how's it...' needs a verb ending in 'ing' to follow it. The question asks about the current state of a person, and so we use a present progressive verb using the 'ING' form to correctly pose the question.
1 gone: We cannot use 'gone', the past participle form of 'to go', in this sentence. The interrogative construction 'how's it...?' must be followed by a verb ending in 'ing', and not a verb in the past tense.
2 to go: The interrogative construction 'would you like' is always followed by the full infinitive form of a verb (to go). The same is true with declarative statements using 'would like': I would like TO GET a drink tonight. 'Would you like...?' poses a polite question using the conditional form.
2 go: We must use the full infinitive form of the verb following 'would you like'.
2 going: The 'ING' form of the verb can't follow the 'would like' construction.
2 will go: We never use the future tense of a verb following 'would like'.
3 have: 'Have' expresses possession in this sentence. Susie is telling Philip that she can't go out with him tonight because she already has something planned.
3 has: 'Has' cannot be used in the first person form of the present tense. 'To have' is an irregular verb.
3 had: Had is the past simple form of the verb 'to have'. It has no place in this construction, which requires the simple present tense.
3 to have: This verb must be conjugated. Leaving it in its infinitive form is grammatically incorrect.
4 go: Susie is suggesting that Philip 'go' to the restaurant by himself (alone or without her). In this case, the verb 'to go' should be put in its infinitive form (without 'to') following the interrogative construction 'Why don't you...'. As a general rule, verbs following auxiliaries are always put in their infinitive form without 'to'.
4 to go: The full infinitive form of the verb (with 'to') can't follow the interrogative construction 'why don't you...'.
4 will go: The future tense of a verb cannot be used following the interrogative construction 'why don't you...'.
4 going: The 'ing' form of a verb cannot be used the interrogative construction 'why don't you...'.
练习 2
Fill in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb: either to have or to be
Don't forget to conjugate the verbs correctly!
Bob: Hey Kevin, I'm having a hard time with this new GPS system in my car. You one, don't you? Mine keeps making strange noises and beeping whenever I turn left.
Kevin: Don't silly, Bobby. It's just new technology. You lucky to be a part of a golden era of modern marvels.
Bob: Frankly, I scared right now.
Don't forget to conjugate the verbs correctly!
Bob: Hey Kevin, I'm having a hard time with this new GPS system in my car. You one, don't you? Mine keeps making strange noises and beeping whenever I turn left.
Kevin: Don't silly, Bobby. It's just new technology. You lucky to be a part of a golden era of modern marvels.
Bob: Frankly, I scared right now.
Fill in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb: either to have or to be
Don't forget to conjugate the verbs correctly!
Bob: Hey Kevin, I'm having a hard time with this new GPS system in my car. You have 1 one, don't you? Mine keeps making strange noises and beeping whenever I turn left.
Kevin: Don't be 2 silly, Bobby. It's just new technology. You are 3 lucky to be a part of a golden era of modern marvels.
Bob: Frankly, I am 4 scared right now.
Don't forget to conjugate the verbs correctly!
Bob: Hey Kevin, I'm having a hard time with this new GPS system in my car. You have 1 one, don't you? Mine keeps making strange noises and beeping whenever I turn left.
Kevin: Don't be 2 silly, Bobby. It's just new technology. You are 3 lucky to be a part of a golden era of modern marvels.
Bob: Frankly, I am 4 scared right now.
1 have: Bob is asking Kevin 'if he also possesses' a GPS system. We can use either the possessive verb 'to have' or 'have got' in this construction.
2 be: We say 'to be silly'. For example: 'The children were being very silly last night'. 'Don't be silly' has a similar meaning to 'be sensible' or 'be reasonable'.
3 are: This is the best choice. In English, one is lucky, but has luck.
4 am: This is the correct choice. In English, one is scared.
练习 3
Polly: Hey, Bob, I'm going to the store for some coffee and tea. Can I you anything?
Bob: Yeah. I would love a box of those chocolate covered espresso beans, if they any.
Bob: Yeah. I would love a box of those chocolate covered espresso beans, if they any.
Polly: Hey, Bob, I'm going to the store for some coffee and tea. Can I get 1 you anything?
Bob: Yeah. I would love a box of those chocolate covered espresso beans, if they have 2 any.
Bob: Yeah. I would love a box of those chocolate covered espresso beans, if they have 2 any.
1 get: 'Get' is the best choice here. It expresses Polly's offer to 'procure', 'buy' or 'obtain' something for Bob.
1 have: 'Can I have you anything?' is grammatically incorrect.
1 do: 'Can I do you anything?' does not make sense. However, we could say: 'Can I do anything for you?'.
2 have: Because Bob is asking if the store 'sells' chocolate covered espresso beans, we must use 'have' here.
2 get: 'Get' does not make sense here. Bob is asking about possession, and 'get' cannot express possession in this case.
2 do: 'Do' does not make sense here. Bob is asking about possession, and 'do' cannot express possession.
练习 4
Luna: Hello Mr. Horatio. What you doing?
Horatio: Well, Miss DeLune, I to mix these two chemicals together, so I can create beautiful smells.
Luna: That sounds fun.
Horatio: Yes. Do you any whiskey?
Luna: I have some herbal tea.
Horatio: Please leave me now.
Horatio: Well, Miss DeLune, I to mix these two chemicals together, so I can create beautiful smells.
Luna: That sounds fun.
Horatio: Yes. Do you any whiskey?
Luna: I have some herbal tea.
Horatio: Please leave me now.
Luna: Hello Mr. Horatio. What are 1 you doing?
Horatio: Well, Miss DeLune, I have 2 to mix these two chemicals together, so I can create beautiful smells.
Luna: That sounds fun.
Horatio: Yes. Do you have 3 any whiskey?
Luna: I have some herbal tea.
Horatio: Please leave me now.
Horatio: Well, Miss DeLune, I have 2 to mix these two chemicals together, so I can create beautiful smells.
Luna: That sounds fun.
Horatio: Yes. Do you have 3 any whiskey?
Luna: I have some herbal tea.
Horatio: Please leave me now.
1 are: 'Are' is the best choice here. This is the correct construction for this question. Luna is asking Horatio what he is occupied with at the moment.
1 have: 'Have' does not make sense here. It cannot be used with 'doing' in this construction. We could say, however: 'What have you been doing?'.
1 do: 'Do' does not make sense here. It does not agree with 'doing' in this construction. We could say, however: 'What do you do after work?'.
2 have: We use 'have' to express Horatio's obligation to complete his current task: mixing some chemicals together.
2 do: 'Do' is grammatically incorrect here. We cannot use 'do' to express Horatio's obligation to complete an action.
2 go: 'Go' is grammatically incorrect here. 'I go' is in the simple present tense, and we can't use this tense to refer to an action in the near future. We could say: 'I am going to mix these two chemicals together'.
3 have: We use 'have' here to ask the question if Luna possesses whiskey.
3 are: 'Are' is grammatically incorrect in this case. One cannot 'be' whiskey. At least, not in this lifetime.
3 do: 'Do' does not make sense here, because one cannot 'do' whiskey.
练习 5
Philip: You got to try out this new mattress I bought.
Polly: Sorry. Not interested, even if you are 'the' Philip Cheeter.
Philip: How about we at my place around nine o'clock?
Polly: you no shame?
Philip: Fine, fine. Nine-thirty.
Polly: Sorry. Not interested, even if you are 'the' Philip Cheeter.
Philip: How about we at my place around nine o'clock?
Polly: you no shame?
Philip: Fine, fine. Nine-thirty.
Philip: You have 1 got to try out this new mattress I bought.
Polly: Sorry. Not interested, even if you are 'the' Philip Cheeter.
Philip: How about we meet 2 at my place around nine o'clock?
Polly: Have 3 you no shame?
Philip: Fine, fine. Nine-thirty.
Polly: Sorry. Not interested, even if you are 'the' Philip Cheeter.
Philip: How about we meet 2 at my place around nine o'clock?
Polly: Have 3 you no shame?
Philip: Fine, fine. Nine-thirty.
1 have: We often use the expression 'have got' to express necessity in a way similar to 'must'. In this example, 'have got' serves to strengthen the idea of the necessity.
1 are: 'Are' is grammatically incorrect in this case.
1 be: 'Be' is grammatically incorrect in this case.
2 meet: 'Meet' is the best choice here. Philip is asking Polly if she will 'meet' him after work to try out the mattress.
2 be: 'Be' does not make sense here.
2 have: 'Have' does not make sense here. If it is not followed by the preposition 'to', 'have' expresses possession, in this case.
3 Have: 'Have' is used as a verb of possession in this case. Polly is asking if Philip 'has' any shame. This is the best choice here. The question 'have you no shame?' is Polly's articulate way of pointing out Philip's arrogance and presumption.
3 Are: Because Philip cannot 'be' shame, 'are' does not make sense here.
3 Do: Because Philip cannot 'do' shame, 'do' does not make sense here.
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