Cash
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定义
cash: 现金
I don't have any cash on me. 我身上一点现金也没有。
You must pay in cash. 你必须用现金付款。
Cash can also be a slang term for money in general.
示例
- "Bank Clerk : Okay, that shouldn't be a problem. You'll need a deposit slip and the cash or checks that you are depositing."
- "MacCheeter : 'Cause my breath smelled like coffee, and I needed some cash!"
- "Kevin : Cash please, oh wait I only have 2 twenties, I'll have to charge it."
- "Waiter : Heh... I'm sorry sir, we don't take cash either."
- "Visit GoldenWheelchair.com now to find out how you can turn your accident into cash!"
- "This cash is spread out over several checking accounts collecting dust."
- "I need cash, brother, in a bad way."
- "There's no cash here."
- "The first third of cash should be risk-free"
- "If you ever want to see him again, you will deliver a briefcase with cash: 500,000 (Euros, not dollars) to this address by the 13th of this month"
- "Cashman, a millionaire investment banker from San Francisco, took home the three-million-dollar cash prize."
- "One of them, rather insignificant: a one dollar cash withdrawal in quarters."
- "I can't stop spending my cash!"
- "Harold : Cash."
- "After consulting with my team of accountants and reviewing our various accounts, I've discovered that the company has a surplus of available cash."
- "Bruno : I did discuss the matter with my accountant, and it seems I have a bit of cash lying around."
- "I have a lot of cash to spend."
- "Then you pay us fat stacks of cash."
- "Icarus : About the excess cash in our accounts!"
练习 1
Will that be cash or charge?
From the list below, select any appropriate answers to this question!
There may be more than one correct answer! and we're looking for grammatically correct and appropriate sentences: not necessarily Harold's answer in the dialogue you have just heard!
From the list below, select any appropriate answers to this question!
There may be more than one correct answer! and we're looking for grammatically correct and appropriate sentences: not necessarily Harold's answer in the dialogue you have just heard!
Will that be cash or charge?
From the list below, select any appropriate answers to this question!
There may be more than one correct answer! and we're looking for grammatically correct and appropriate sentences: not necessarily Harold's answer in the dialogue you have just heard!
From the list below, select any appropriate answers to this question!
There may be more than one correct answer! and we're looking for grammatically correct and appropriate sentences: not necessarily Harold's answer in the dialogue you have just heard!
A "receipt" is a small piece of paper which we receive in exchange for our money in shops, as proof of purchase. It does not answer the question of whether you want to pay "cash or charge".
This is an appropriate answer. The speaker here wants to "pay in cash" because they have a lot of "change" (metal money). Their pockets will be lighter when they have paid in this shop!
"Liquid" is a state: one of the three along with "gas" and "solid". It is unrelated to paying in a shop.
This is an appropriate choice here. In a shopping context, to "put something on one's card" is to pay for it by credit or debit card. This is a good way to answer the "cash or charge?" question.
练习 2
Fill in the blanks below with the following terms:
debit card | cash | change | charge | credit card | cheque
Not all the terms from the list are used in the exercise
A is used to purchase goods and services. It is linked directly to a bank account and payment is instant.
is the remainder or difference of a transaction, or money in coin form.
A is used to purchase goods and services. Payment is based on credit and must be repaid monthly, usually with interest.
The verb "" indicates payment by credit or debit card.
debit card | cash | change | charge | credit card | cheque
Not all the terms from the list are used in the exercise
A is used to purchase goods and services. It is linked directly to a bank account and payment is instant.
is the remainder or difference of a transaction, or money in coin form.
A is used to purchase goods and services. Payment is based on credit and must be repaid monthly, usually with interest.
The verb "" indicates payment by credit or debit card.
Fill in the blanks below with the following terms:
debit card | cash | change | charge | credit card | cheque
Not all the terms from the list are used in the exercise
A debit card 1 is used to purchase goods and services. It is linked directly to a bank account and payment is instant.
change 2 is the remainder or difference of a transaction, or money in coin form.
A credit card 3 is used to purchase goods and services. Payment is based on credit and must be repaid monthly, usually with interest.
The verb "charge 4" indicates payment by credit or debit card.
debit card | cash | change | charge | credit card | cheque
Not all the terms from the list are used in the exercise
A debit card 1 is used to purchase goods and services. It is linked directly to a bank account and payment is instant.
change 2 is the remainder or difference of a transaction, or money in coin form.
A credit card 3 is used to purchase goods and services. Payment is based on credit and must be repaid monthly, usually with interest.
The verb "charge 4" indicates payment by credit or debit card.
1 debit card: A debit card is linked directly to the card holder's bank account (savings or checking, generally), and is used to purchase goods or service directly. Debit cards are also called bank, ATM, or cashpoint cards.
2 change: "Change" has a few meanings, but when speaking of money, the term means both "the difference or remainder of a transaction", as well as "money in coin form". Kevin might find some change in the sofa, or he might receive 5 dollars in change for his purchase of a 15 dollar book with a twenty dollar bill.
3 credit card: Credit cards are used to purchase items on the credit of the card holder. The card holder is billed monthly for any purchases made, generally with interest.
4 charge: As a verb in the financial sense, "to charge" means to fix or ask for payment. The verb has several other meanings in different contexts, but the primary meaning of the term is to "bill an amount of money". The term also indicates that someone is paying by card (credit or debit) as in the sentence: Please charge these boots to my credit card.
练习 3
Complete the letter below with the most appropriate words or phrases.
Cosmex Inc.
62 Pointon Drive
Little Rock
Arkansas, AR 72211
Subject: Demand for payment
,
Please consider this letter as a formal , following prolonged lack of action on your part. copies of our prior communication, as well as the unpaid invoices in question. I remind you that the owed by Cosmex Inc. to Delavigne Corporation one thousand, two hundred and thirteen dollars and eighty cents ($1213.80).
If the matter is not resolved within four business days, I may commence proceedings to the debt, without notice to you, and this letter may be tendered in as evidence of your failure to attempt settlement.
,
Philip Cheeter
Sales Director
Delavigne Corporation
Delavigne Corporation
Treasure Trove Towers, Suite 1401
9876 Nosegay Plaza
San Francisco, CA 94122
November 11th
Cosmex Inc.
62 Pointon Drive
Little Rock
Arkansas, AR 72211
Subject: Demand for payment
,
Please consider this letter as a formal , following prolonged lack of action on your part. copies of our prior communication, as well as the unpaid invoices in question. I remind you that the owed by Cosmex Inc. to Delavigne Corporation one thousand, two hundred and thirteen dollars and eighty cents ($1213.80).
If the matter is not resolved within four business days, I may commence proceedings to the debt, without notice to you, and this letter may be tendered in as evidence of your failure to attempt settlement.
,
Philip Cheeter
Sales Director
Delavigne Corporation
Complete the letter below with the most appropriate words or phrases.
Cosmex Inc.
62 Pointon Drive
Little Rock
Arkansas, AR 72211
Subject: Demand for payment
To whom it may concern 1,
Please consider this letter as a formal demand for payment 2, following prolonged lack of action on your part. Please find enclosed 3 copies of our prior communication, as well as the unpaid invoices in question. I remind you that the total balance 4 owed by Cosmex Inc. to Delavigne Corporation amounts to 5 one thousand, two hundred and thirteen dollars and eighty cents ($1213.80).
If the matter is not resolved within four business days, I may commence legal 6 proceedings to recover 7 the debt, without further 8 notice to you, and this letter may be tendered in court 9 as evidence of your failure to attempt settlement.
Yours faithfully 10,
Philip Cheeter
Sales Director
Delavigne Corporation
Delavigne Corporation
Treasure Trove Towers, Suite 1401
9876 Nosegay Plaza
San Francisco, CA 94122
November 11th
Cosmex Inc.
62 Pointon Drive
Little Rock
Arkansas, AR 72211
Subject: Demand for payment
To whom it may concern 1,
Please consider this letter as a formal demand for payment 2, following prolonged lack of action on your part. Please find enclosed 3 copies of our prior communication, as well as the unpaid invoices in question. I remind you that the total balance 4 owed by Cosmex Inc. to Delavigne Corporation amounts to 5 one thousand, two hundred and thirteen dollars and eighty cents ($1213.80).
If the matter is not resolved within four business days, I may commence legal 6 proceedings to recover 7 the debt, without further 8 notice to you, and this letter may be tendered in court 9 as evidence of your failure to attempt settlement.
Yours faithfully 10,
Philip Cheeter
Sales Director
Delavigne Corporation
1 To whom it may concern: This is the best choice here. This introduction is used in formal or official correspondence when we do not know the name or gender or even position of the person to whom we are writing.
1 Ladies and Gentlemen: This is inappropriate. The expression "ladies and gentlemen" is used when we are speaking out loud to a group of people in a formal context, most frequently at a public event. For example: "Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome to the stage...The Stolling Rones!". It should not be used in a written context.
1 Hello again: This is inappropriate. This address is used in spoken English, or very informal letters or emails. Philip's letter is very formal, so this is the wrong register. Secondly, the "again" in this phrase means that the writer has been in recent contact with the recipient. This is not the case here, as Philip writes: "following prolonged lack of action on your part".
1 Thanks for the email: This is inappropriate. This phrase is too informal for use in such a formal letter: the register is incorrect. Also, Philip's client has not recently sent him an email. We know this because Philip writes "following prolonged lack of action on your part". This means that the client has not contacted Philip for a long time.
2 demand for payment: This is the best choice here. A "demand for payment" is an official, formal written request that a sum of money be paid. This document can be produced in a court of law as evidence that someone has asked for payment.
2 order form: This is incorrect. An "order form" is a document used to place a request to purchase a certain product or service. This is not the purpose of Philip's letter. On the contrary, he wants to receive payment for an order which has already been delivered.
2 advertisement: This is incorrect. The term "advertisement" refers to a paid "notice" or "announcement" for publicity purposes, usually made by a company wishing to sell its products. There is no connection between this term and Philip's letter.
2 return receipt: This is incorrect. A "return receipt" is an official confirmation that a letter or package has been received. This is a way of sending a letter, and does not make sense in the context of this sentence.
3 Please find enclosed: This is the best choice here. The expression "please find enclosed" is used when sending a letter which includes other items (such as documents) in the same envelope. Example: Please find enclosed two copies of my birth certificate. For email attachments, we say "attached". Example: Please find attached a scanned copy of your contract.
3 In reference to: This is grammatically incorrect here. The sentence does not make sense if completed in this way. "In reference to (your request)" is used to call attention to a past event, item, or conversation. Example: In reference to our conversation last week, I want to tell you that the answer is "yes".
3 I give you: This is incorrect. The expression "I give you" is used when handing a physical object to somebody. It can also be used to introduce or present a person or idea, in a dramatic context. Example: "Ladies and gentlemen, I give you...The Peatles!". Neither of these contexts suits Philip's letter, so this expression is not appropriate.
3 As a result of: This is grammatically incorrect here. The sentence does not make sense if completed in this way. "As a result of" is used to introduce the cause or origin of an action.
4 total balance: This is correct. The "total balance" refers to an amount of money which remains, or still needs to be paid. In the context of the dialogue, it refers to the "rest" of the money owed to Delavigne.
4 liquid: This is incorrect. In finance, "liquid (assets)" are assets which can be easily "liquidated" or "turned into cash". In another, less specific, context, the term "liquid" describes a free-flowing substance. All elements on Earth are either "liquid", "gas", or "solid".
4 cash: This is incorrect. "Cash" is money in its solid form: coins or bank notes. Philip is not requesting that his clients pay him in "cash". They are far more likely to pay by cheque or bank transfer.
4 change: This is incorrect. "Change" is money that is returned when the sum given in payment is larger than the amount required, usually in a shop. In another context, it refers to coins of low denomination.
5 amounts to: This is the best choice here. "(The cost) amounts to (10 dollars)" is an expression used to describe the total cost of something (goods, services, etc.). It is the only choice here which makes sense in the context of this letter. Note that on its own, the term "amount" refers to a number or quantity. Example: "I require a large amount of sugar in my tea".
5 climbs to: The term "to climb" is rarely used to describe "cost". Using it here would be unnatural. Note that the verb can be used in a figurative sense to describe "rising" or "increasing" "prices", for example: "House prices have been climbing steadily for several years", "The stock climbed to $100 per share, and then split".
5 sums up: "Sum up" does not belong in this construction. The expression "to sum up" is often used in the figurative sense to describe the act of "summarising" or "giving a synopsis". For example: "Can you sum up the novel in two words or fewer?".
5 arises to: The term "to arise" is never used to describe "cost". Using it here would be unnatural. "Arise" can mean to "stand up" or "lift oneself up", but the term "rise" is more common in modern English.
6 legal: This is the best choice here. The adjective "legal" refers to "the law". For example, we talk of "legal cases", and describe something as "legal" when it is permitted by the law. This describes the type of "action" which Delavigne Corporation will take if they do not receive payment.
6 law: This is incorrect. "Law" is a noun, which is grammatically incorrect in this sentence. We need to use an adjective here, and "legal" is the adjective derived from the term "law".
6 lawyer: This is incorrect. A "lawyer" is a professional who defends clients' interests in legal issues, or in court. It is grammatically incorrect to refer to a person in this sentence. Note that a "lawyer" can also be called an "attorney" in the US, and a "solicitor" in the UK.
6 lawful: This is incorrect. The term "lawful" refers to an act which is "allowed" or "permitted" by the law. Example: "He doesn't really enjoy lawful activities". However, when we refer to a court process of the kind suggested by Philip, the expression we use is "legal action".
7 recover: "Recover" is the best choice here. In this context, the term means "to get back" or "to recuperate" the sum of money owed to the Delavigne Corporation. The verb "to recover" is often associated with a "debt", and expresses the sense of collecting money which is owed.
7 cancel: Although a debt can be "cancelled", it doesn't make sense for Philip to suggest that he will "cancel" (or "nullify") the debt owed to the Delavigne Corporation. The purpose of this letter is to "recover" or "get back" the money owed to the company.
7 sue: This is incorrect. "To sue (a person or a company)" is to take legal action against them, most often in the form of a "lawsuit". Although Philip is suggesting that the company may take legal action against the debtor, it doesn't make sense to use the term "sue" in this construction. "I may commence legal proceedings to sue the debt" makes no sense: a debt cannot be "sued".
7 pay: Philip is not suggesting that he or his company will pay any debt. The purpose of this letter is to "recover" or "get back" the money owed to the company.
8 further: This is correct. The term "further" in this context shares a similar meaning with "more" or "additional".
8 plus: This is incorrect. The term "plus" cannot be used as an adjective in this context. In different contexts, the term "plus" can be used in the following ways: "two plus two equals four", "I like cheese, plus I like biscuits", "The new buses are a great plus for the town".
8 continued: This is incorrect. The adjective "continued" describes something which happens "repeatedly", "often", or "regularly". This does not make sense in the context of the sentence.
8 farther: This is incorrect. The term "farther" is used to describe something which is "more far (away)" or "more distant". The term "farther" can only be used to refer to the physical distance of one object from another, and so it is not appropriate here.
9 court: This is correct. A "court" is a place where justice is carried out, usually in the presence of a judge.
9 justice: This is incorrect. The term "justice" refers to moral "fairness" or "legality". It is not appropriate to use an abstract noun in this context. Example: "Justice was served, and I was released from prison".
9 trial: This is incorrect. A "trial" is a process or event which takes place in a court, often to determine if a person is innocent or guilty or to settle a financial conflict. A trial can last from a few minutes to several years. Example: "Michael's trial attracted a lot of attention".
9 proof: This is incorrect. "Proof" shares a similar meaning with "evidence", and does not make sense in this context. Example: "We need proof before we can arrest the suspected murderer".
10 Yours faithfully: This is the best choice here. This expression is used to conclude a formal letter or email, usually to a person who we do not know. Philip's letter fits both of these criteria, so this is the appropriate ending.
10 Ever yours: This is inappropriate. The expression "ever yours" is an "old-fashioned" or "out-dated" way of ending a romantic letter to a lover. Philip is not his client's lover, so this expression is inappropriate in this context.
10 Best wishes: This is incorrect. The expression "best wishes" is used to conclude informal letters or emails to family or friends. Philip's letter is too formal in tone for this expression to be appropriate.
10 Goodbye: This is incorrect. The term "goodbye" is generally used in spoken English. It can, however, also be used to conclude informal letters or emails to family or friends. Philip's letter is too formal in tone for this expression to be appropriate.
练习 4
Fill in the blanks below with financial terms from this scene.
This term describes the movement of money in and out of a business. "Because of our problems, we will have to reduce our expenses over the next few months."
This term describes a detailed, itemized request for payment. "After an order has been made on our website, we send an to the client with the price and item description."
This verb describes having a debt towards someone. "I the bank $3000 for a loan I took out in February."
This term describes the movement of money in and out of a business. "Because of our problems, we will have to reduce our expenses over the next few months."
This term describes a detailed, itemized request for payment. "After an order has been made on our website, we send an to the client with the price and item description."
This verb describes having a debt towards someone. "I the bank $3000 for a loan I took out in February."
Fill in the blanks below with financial terms from this scene.
This term describes the movement of money in and out of a business. "Because of our cash-flow 1 problems, we will have to reduce our expenses over the next few months."
This term describes a detailed, itemized request for payment. "After an order has been made on our website, we send an invoice 2 to the client with the price and item description."
This verb describes having a debt towards someone. "I owe 3 the bank $3000 for a loan I took out in February."
This term describes the movement of money in and out of a business. "Because of our cash-flow 1 problems, we will have to reduce our expenses over the next few months."
This term describes a detailed, itemized request for payment. "After an order has been made on our website, we send an invoice 2 to the client with the price and item description."
This verb describes having a debt towards someone. "I owe 3 the bank $3000 for a loan I took out in February."
1 cash-flow: "Cash flow" describes the movement of money in and out of a business. It is an indicator of the incoming money and outgoing expenses of the company. Cash flow can be measured over certain periods of activity (a year, a month, etc) and is good indicator of a company's financial health. In this scene, Icarus and Hannah read a letter from someone with "cash-flow" problems.
2 invoice: An "invoice" is a "bill" or "request for money", it is often a formal document detailing the type of product sold, as well as the number. In this scene, Hannah and Icarus read letters which include "invoices".
3 owe: To "owe someone (money)" is to be in debt to them: you should pay them this money. Example: "I still owe the bank $800 because of the loan I took out to buy my new car".
