Give up

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定义

to give up (drinking alcohol): 戒（酒） idiom
to give up smoking 戒烟

This is an irregular verb:
I give up / I gave up / I have given up
(You are too good), I give up!: （你太厉害了），我打算放弃了！ idiom
Don't give up! 不要放弃！

示例

  • "Everyone : "Don't Give Up Your Day Job"!"
  • "Bruno (Mitch) : I've decided to give up my position as lifeguard of this beach to pursue a musical career."
  • "You're giving up already?"
  • "Don't give up sir."
  • "You'd better be good though, if not, our expert judge is likely to say: "Don't Give Up Your Day Job"!"
  • "Do you give up?"
  • "I have given up hope."
  • "Don't give up hope because that special man or lady is out there and I am here to help you find them."
  • "Susie : First of all, you must make a public declaration that you've given up bear hunting forever."
  • "Moira : Don't give up Rupert!"
  • "Hannah : Ok, I give up."
  • "Brian : I give up."
  • "Bruno : Well, we're just going to go out there without him. Team Delavigne doesn't give up that easily."
练习 1
Susie: I've decided to give drinking coffee.
Kevin: Really? I tried to stop drinking alcohol once, but I couldn't do it. I felt and depressed without liquor in my system. I kept throwing and having convulsions. I think I have a serious alcohol problem. I need help, Susie.
Susie: I'm sorry, I didn't hear you. Could you speak ?
Susie: I've decided to give up 1 drinking coffee.
Kevin: Really? I tried to stop drinking alcohol once, but I couldn't do it. I felt down 2 and depressed without liquor in my system. I kept throwing up 3 and having convulsions. I think I have a serious alcohol problem. I need help, Susie.
Susie: I'm sorry, I didn't hear you. Could you speak up 4?
1 up: 'To give something up' means to 'quit' or 'stop' or even to 'sacrifice' it. Susie has decided to 'stop' drinking coffee.
1 down: 'To give down' does not make sense. There is no such phrasal verb in English.
1 in: 'To give in drinking coffee' does not make sense. However, 'to give in to' means to 'surrender' or 'capitulate'. We might say: 'the British gave in to the French after being defeated during the battle.'
1 out: The phrasal verb 'to give out' means to distribute, as in the sentence: Every Christmas Papa Noel gives out presents to all the good children in the world. In a different context, 'to give out' means to emit, as in the sentence, 'the sun gives out rays of sunshine'. This expression doesn't belong in Susie's sentence.
2 down: In this context, Kevin is expressing that he feels 'depressed' or 'unhappy' without alcohol. This is a bad thing, and a clear sign of alcoholism. 'Down' indicates a movement towards the bottom or ground, both literally and figuratively.
2 up: Although 'up' is grammatically correct in this construction, it does not make any sense given the context of the phrase. It is contradictory for Kevin to say that alcohol makes him feel 'up' (which can mean positive or energized) AND depressed, which are terms which express opposite meanings.
2 in: One doesn't feel 'in' and 'depressed'. To say that someone feels 'in' might mean that they feel like that are part of a group or community, or that they are 'cool'. However, this is a rare meaning which is inappropriate here.
2 out: The term 'out' doesn't express the feeling of depression, and is generally not used as an adjective on its own to describe a person's feelings.
3 up: 'To throw up' is a phrasal verb synonymous with 'to vomit'. The post position 'up' refers to the act of vomiting, or rejecting fluids upwards from the stomach through the body. Kevin is describing his difficulty in trying to stop drinking.
3 down: The phrasal verb 'to throw down' either expresses the act of throwing something downwards or to the ground, or in a slang context, it can mean to physically fight with someone. Neither of these options belongs in this construction, as Kevin is describing the act of vomiting.
3 out: 'To throw something out' is to discard it or dispose of it (as garbage or rubbish). Kevin is not expressing that he has to dispose of anything, but rather that he continued to vomit when he tried to stop drinking.
3 in: The phrasal verb 'to throw in' has a few different meanings. It can describe the act of contributing to something collective: We're all going to throw in for a present to Susie. It can also describe the act of giving something as an added bonus: If you buy the tv now we'll throw in a remote control as a bonus. Neither of these meanings can describe the act of vomiting which Kevin is trying to do.
4 up: 'Speak up' is a command for someone to speak louder, or to increase the volume of their voice. 'Up' is commonly used to describe a sense of movement towards the top or upwards, or an increasing trend.
4 down: 'To speak down (to someone)' is to speak to them as if they were inferior, or as if they were a child. It is synonymous with the verbs 'to condescend' and 'to patronize'. This expression doesn't belong in this construction.
4 out: 'To speak out (for or against something) is to publicly lobby for or protest against something. For example: The president spoke out against child labor in Asian countries. Susie is not asking Kevin to 'speak out' but rather to 'speak' louder.
4 in: 'To speak in' has no meaning as a phrasal verb in English.
练习 2
Susie wants Harold to tell the media that he has "given up bear hunting".
She wants Harold to tell the media that he has bear hunting.
Susie wants Harold to tell the media that he has "given up bear hunting".
She wants Harold to tell the media that he has stopped bear hunting.
stopped: "To give (something) up" is a phrasal verb which has a few different meanings. In this case it means "to abandon", "to cease" or "to abstain from" bear hunting. In another context, "to give up" means "to surrender" or "capitulate" as in the sentence: "the enemy was too strong, and so we gave up without a fight".
cut down on: To "cut down" means to "diminish" or "reduce", as in the sentence "Polly has decided to cut down on coffee in the morning because it makes her nervous". This is not what Susie is asking Harold to do.
campaigned against: Susie is not asking Harold to "campaign against" bear hunting, but to "stop" bear hunting, or at least tell the press that he has stopped bear hunting.
reconsidered his views on: This is not what Susie is asking Harold to do. The phrasal verb "to give up" does not mean to "reconsider" or "rethink".
练习 3
Trey says to the caller "Don't give up".

Another way to say this is "".
Trey says to the caller "Don't give up".

Another way to say this is "Keep trying".
Keep trying: The phrasal verb "to give up" means to surrender, quit or stop trying. Example: The test was too hard, so I gave up and went home. When Trey says to the caller "Don't give up", he is encouraging the caller to continue thinking positively, and to keep believing that Delavigne will call him back (regarding his job application). "Don't give up" is an expression which means "don't abandon hope", or "keep trying".
Don't hang up: To "hang up (the phone)" is to end a phone call by placing the phone receiver on the base of the phone. This expression doesn't share a similar meaning to Trey's expression "Don't give up", which is an encouraging remark.
Slow down: Trey isn't instructing the caller to "slow down", which means to do something at a low speed. "Don't give up" is an encouraging remark.
Stay on the line: "Stay on the line" is an expression used to tell someone to wait (on the telephone). Trey is not telling the caller to hold on, rather he is encouraging the caller to keep believing there is a chance Delavigne will hire him.
练习 4
Susie: I know you didn't make the sale, but don't feel about it
Philip: It's nice of you to cheer me , Susie.
Susie: Of course Philip. The important thing is that you don't give , and that you keep trying to make one more sale.
Philip: Wow, Susie! I can't believe how sweet you are being. What's gotten into you?
Susie: If you make one more sale, Bruno's promised us all a trip south to Acapulco.
Philip: Oh...so you don't really like me as a person?
Susie: Of course not. Now get back to work!
Susie: I know you didn't make the sale, but don't feel down 1 about it
Philip: It's nice of you to cheer me up 2, Susie.
Susie: Of course Philip. The important thing is that you don't give up 3, and that you keep trying to make one more sale.
Philip: Wow, Susie! I can't believe how sweet you are being. What's gotten into you?
Susie: If you make one more sale, Bruno's promised us all a trip down 4 south to Acapulco.
Philip: Oh...so you don't really like me as a person?
Susie: Of course not. Now get back to work!
1 down: 'To feel down' is to feel depressed or unhappy. 'Down' can be used to indicate movement towards the bottom or ground, both literally and figuratively. Susie is encouraging Philip not to feel bad about his missed sale.
1 up: Although 'up' is grammatically correct here, it does not make any sense given the context of the phrase. Philip would not feel 'up' if he missed the chance to make a sale.
2 up: To 'cheer someone up' is to try to boost or stimulate their morale, or to try to make them feel positive. Here 'up' is used figuratively to indicate the movement or transition of someone's feelings or emotions from a low point to a high point.
2 down: There is no such expression in English.
3 up: 'To give up' means to 'quit' or 'stop' or even to surrender or capitulate. Susie is encouraging Philip to continue making phone calls and to try to sell. 'Don't give up' is synonymous with 'Keep trying' in this context. 'Up' is used here to indicate a sense of completion or finality, or an action ending.
3 down: There is no such expression in English.
4 down: To go 'down south' is to descend (geographically) in a southern direction. 'Down' is used here to indicate movement towards a southern location.
4 up: Going 'up south' is contradictory. It doesn't make sense to use 'up' here.
练习 5
Donna uses the expression "don't give up hope" in her message.

From the list below, select the sentences which use the phrasal verb to give up correctly.

There may be more than one correct answer!
Donna uses the expression "don't give up hope" in her message.

From the list below, select the sentences which use the phrasal verb to give up correctly.

There may be more than one correct answer!
This use of the phrasal verb "to give up" is similar to Donna's use of the expression in her message. Here the speaker is encouraging someone to continue making an effort at learning a language or not to abandon the lessons.
The phrasal verb "to give up" has two primary meanings in English. In this context, it means to "surrender", "capitulate" "or abandon". The expression is often used to describe the act of "abandoning" or "stopping" a fight, battle or conflict. However we can use it in a non-military context as well. For example: After playing chess for three hours, I gave up and conceded the victory.' This use of the expression is similar to Dr. Donna's, who encourages her listeners to keep hoping or not to lose hope for finding the companion of their dreams.
The phrasal verb "to give up" has two primary meanings in English. In this context, it means "to abstain from" or "renounce". In this sentence the speaker promises to stop smoking cigarettes for the New Year. This is a very common use of "to give up".
The phrasal verb "to give up" cannot be used to indicate the act of "giving" or "presenting" something such as a gift. For this we simply use the ordinary verb "to give".
The phrasal verb "to give up" cannot be used to indicate the act of "payment" or "owing money" to someone. To express this idea, we could use the verb to "pay".

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