Since
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定义
since (the mid 90s): 从……开始（90年代中期）
I have been working at this company since 1833. 自1833年以来，我一直在这家公司工作。
Since (you're here, let me show you my new ping-pong table): 鉴于（你在这儿了，我给你看我的新的乒乓球桌）
示例
- "All the tea, crumpets and Sudoku in the world cannot fill my void since leaving the Delavigne Corporation."
- "He'd like to see his own image on the bottle - alongside Delavigne of course - since he thinks this fragrance sums up his personality so well."
- "As you all know, it's been exactly one month since Bruno left the company in search of happiness, and exactly one month since I've been the interim CEO in his place."
- "Since its foundation, the Delavigne Corporation has grown slowly but surely."
- "Philip, since you're an expert, you'll be explaining everything you know about women to me."
- "I haven't been this busy since we faked the moon landing."
- "Alan Woody : Okay everyone, our next comedian has been dreaming of a career in stand-up comedy since she was a little girl."
- "Jean : Well, I'm very hungry, and since we don't eat dinner with Mamie, I suggest we go inside and at least we have a bite to eat, you know "miam miam"."
- "I have had many adventures since I last saw you, I have slept with many, many, many people."
- "Glenn : Well, rent prices in Sydney have gone way up since you last looked."
- "The market has been driven by an exchange rate that has risen above two dollars to the British pound for the first time since the early 1980s."
- "I haven't seen you since you opened your office here in Sydney."
- "Well, since you're all here, and since we are like a family, why don't we celebrate Christmas... the Delavigne way!"
- "Xavier : Now, Bruno, many things have changed since I exploded."
- "You've been in a coma since then."
- "Since I'm in a good mood today, I've decided to give you some tips on how to avoid builders from hell, dodgy plumbers, and other construction conmen."
- "My wife is on a diet, and since she's on a diet, I'm losing a pound every day."
- "Since you're especially aware, you may have noticed a few problems around the offices recently."
练习 1
"As long as you're removing junk from the building, why don't you help Horatio clear out some of the junk from his office?"
Which of the following terms could replace the phrase "as long as" and express the same meaning?
Which of the following terms could replace the phrase "as long as" and express the same meaning?
"As long as you're removing junk from the building, why don't you help Horatio clear out some of the junk from his office?"
Which of the following terms could replace the phrase "as long as" and express the same meaning?
Which of the following terms could replace the phrase "as long as" and express the same meaning?
This is correct. The phrase "as long as" expresses the same sense as the term "since" or "while" in this context. It is both an expression of timing, but also of reason. Bruno is suggesting that "because" Kevin is removing junk from around the office, he might as well help Horatio clear out his office, or that "while Kevin is removing things, he could help Horatio".
"As long as" cannot be replaced by "before" in this construction. "As long as" does not indicate a specific time, but rather it expresses the same idea as "while", or "since".
"As long as" cannot be replaced by "after" in this construction. "As long as" does not indicate a specific time, but rather it expresses the same idea as "while", or "since".
"Until" indicates the period of time "leading up to" or "just before" another action or event. It cannot replace the phrase "as long as" in this construction.
练习 2
"Since you are calling me on my home phone line..., I should tell you that...".
Select the sentences below which use the term "since" correctly.
There may be more than one correct answer!
Select the sentences below which use the term "since" correctly.
There may be more than one correct answer!
"Since you are calling me on my home phone line..., I should tell you that...".
Select the sentences below which use the term "since" correctly.
There may be more than one correct answer!
Select the sentences below which use the term "since" correctly.
There may be more than one correct answer!
This is grammatically incorrect. "Since" cannot be directly followed by the term "always". As a preposition of time, "since" indicates when an action began (and is often followed by a precise moment in time), but not "how long" the action lasted. We might say: "I have always loved playing football", or "since I was little, I have always loved playing football".
This is a correct choice. "Since" expresses reason here, and shares a similar meaning with the terms "because" and "as". This is the same use of "since" as used in the dialogue.
This is an incorrect choice. "Since" cannot be directly followed by "two years". As a preposition of time, "since" indicates when an action began (and is often followed by a precise moment in time), but not "how long" the action lasted. We might say: "since 2005 he has been the brightest star in Hollywood", or "for two years, he has been the brightest star in Hollywood".
This is a correct choice. Here, "since" indicates the beginning of an action which continues up to the present moment. We are told that from the date of the cosmetic surgery until the moment of expression, the speaker has felt particularly confident. This use of the word "since" (as a preposition of time) is different from the way Bethany uses it (to indicate reason or cause).
练习 3
"Given that he vomited eighteen times, I am sure that any dangerous elements have left his system."
Select those terms or expressions which could replace "given that" in this context, and express the SAME meaning.
There may be more than one correct answer!
Select those terms or expressions which could replace "given that" in this context, and express the SAME meaning.
There may be more than one correct answer!
"Given that he vomited eighteen times, I am sure that any dangerous elements have left his system."
Select those terms or expressions which could replace "given that" in this context, and express the SAME meaning.
There may be more than one correct answer!
Select those terms or expressions which could replace "given that" in this context, and express the SAME meaning.
There may be more than one correct answer!
"Since" shares a similar meaning with "given that" in this context. They both explain a reason and a result, like "because". Example: "Let's have a picnic, since it's such a sunny day".
"In light of the fact that" is an alternative way of saying "given that". Both these expressions say that "because of" a certain event or situation, another event is the case. Example: "In light of the fact that cars are forbidden in the city centre, a bus service is available".
"Seeing as" is a synonym of "given that". They both describe a cause and result situation, similar to "because". Example: "Seeing as you like the colour blue, I've bought you a blue dress".
"Although" means "despite" or "notwithstanding", and does not share a similar meaning with the expression "given that".
"Despite the fact that" means "although" or "notwithstanding", and does not share a similar meaning with the expression "given that".
练习 4
Select the TRUE statements from the list below.
There may be more than one correct answer!
There may be more than one correct answer!
Select the TRUE statements from the list below.
There may be more than one correct answer!
There may be more than one correct answer!
This statement is false. The Australian expressions listed at the end of Garth Ripley's email are "clichés and stereotypes" that Edward should "avoid" or "not use" in his song.
This statement is false. Garth Ripley writes that Outback Cologne "had been among the most popular fragrances for men aged 25-40 until recently." This means that the perfume used to be one of the most popular perfumes for young men, but isn't any longer.
This statement is false. Garth Ripley writes that Outback Cologne was "first released in 1989", meaning that it was first available for sale in 1989. "To release (a product)" is to "launch" it or make it available for sale. Example: "Elkie John's new album will be released next week." As a preposition of time, "since" indicates when an action began, for example: I haven't seen you since we were at school.
This is a true statement. Garth Ripley writes that he is "trying to rebrand Outback Cologne". "Rebranding" refers to the process in which a corporate image or brand is marketed in a different way. Previously, the perfume had "been marketed as an extremely masculine scent." For the new advertising campaign, Garth wants it to appeal to a different target market: "urban individuals, university students, young professionals, people who frequent bars and cafés and single men on the dating scene."
练习 5
Tina in Marburg writes, "This e-book idea is nonsense".
This means that she thinks e-books are:
Rocio del Carmen in Madrid, Spain, writes, "I haven't read a paper book since".
She hasn't read a book since:
Kyle in Portland, Oregon (U.S.), writes, "I want my money back".
This means that he:
This means that she thinks e-books are:
Rocio del Carmen in Madrid, Spain, writes, "I haven't read a paper book since".
She hasn't read a book since:
Kyle in Portland, Oregon (U.S.), writes, "I want my money back".
This means that he:
Tina in Marburg writes, "This e-book idea is nonsense".
This means that she thinks e-books are:
Rocio del Carmen in Madrid, Spain, writes, "I haven't read a paper book since".
She hasn't read a book since:
Kyle in Portland, Oregon (U.S.), writes, "I want my money back".
This means that he:
This means that she thinks e-books are:
This is incorrect. This is almost the exact opposite of the meaning of "nonsense". If you believe that something is a "smart choice", you can't also feel that it is "nonsense", because nonsense implies silliness or even stupidity.
This is correct. To say that something is "nonsense" is to suggest that it doesn't make any sense at all, that it's a silly or stupid idea. For a consumer product like the e-book, that definitely means it wouldn't be worth buying.
This is incorrect. Tina thinks that a bookshelf filled with regular books is beautiful and says that the e-book is "unholy" (evil), so it's unlikely that she would find e-books beautiful. Regardless, though, this isn't what "nonsense" means.
Rocio del Carmen in Madrid, Spain, writes, "I haven't read a paper book since".
She hasn't read a book since:
This is correct. Rocio del Carmen's girlfriend gave her an e-book for her birthday, and she hasn't read a regular book since then. That is, the last time she read a traditional book was before receiving the e-book as a present.
This is incorrect. The word "since" can mean either "because" or "beginning when", but the "because" meaning doesn't really make sense here. Since (because) she writes, "I'm in love with my new e-book", we can assume she likes books at least a little.
This is incorrect. Rocio del Carmen donated her regular books because she got an e-book; if she had gotten rid of her e-book as well, she wouldn't be able to read any books at all.
Kyle in Portland, Oregon (U.S.), writes, "I want my money back".
This means that he:
This is incorrect. Kyle does ask Moira to get his money back for him, but this doesn't mean that he expects her to pay him personally. Rather, he's asking her to help him get a refund from the store where he bought the e-book, or from its manufacturer. Hopefully, he's joking; that's really not Moira's job.
This is incorrect. Kyle writes that he's "not satisfied", which is why he wants a refund.
This is correct. If somebody says, "I want my money back", this means they are dissatisfied with whatever they've purchased. In this case, when Kyle says he wants his money back, he's definitely communicating that he feels like that money was poorly spent. Another word for getting your money back is "to get a refund".
