Such
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定义
such: 这样，如此
I've never heard of such a thing! 我从未听说过这样的事情。
such as: 例如，就像，如
It was at a circus such as this one that Luna discovered her first love. He was an acrobat named Steve. 正是在这个马戏团,鲁娜找到了她的初恋。他是一个杂技演员，名叫史蒂夫。
(It was) such (a boring movie that I fell asleep!): （这是）如此，这般（无聊的电影以致于我都睡着了）
示例
- "I am actively seeking an executive assistant opportunity in a demanding, fast-paced, multi-tasking environment such as the Delavigne Corporation."
- "Edward : I've never seen such beauty!"
- "They have been featured in cinema, literature, video games and many important works of art such as Munch's "The Scream" and the Mona Lisa."
- "Only a man would take you to such an awful place."
- "Nurse Baker : Well, there's a risk that your blood may contain infectious diseases such as HIV..."
- "Bethany : Hmm. Phone calls are worthless in cases such as these."
- "But with cork's drop in popularity, Mediterranean cork forests, rich in wildlife, are being cut down to make way for less sustainable land uses, such as cattle farming."
- "Don't be such an Indian giver."
- "Because humans can't release stress hormones such as adrenalin and cortisol, these hormones can build up to dangerous levels in the body."
- "Bruno : But Mom, he's such a jerk..."
- "He's such a what?"
- "Bearing slogans such as "Racists: no thanks!"
- "In diverse cities such as New York and San Francisco, delicatessens specialize in everything from Chinese fortune cookies to Italian pastas."
- "Oh God, why am I such a terrible human being?"
- "Hannah : If you think I'm going to such a violent spectacle, you must be joking."
- "Boston is also the home of several famous institutions of higher learning such as Harvard University and M.I."
- "In the past 12 months have you had a transplant such as organ, tissue, or bone marrow?"
- "Inuits cited practical reasons such as transportation;"
- "I look forward to meeting the man capable of creating such a painting."
- "Smithson argues that stress starts to pose serious threats such as permanent damage to brain cells (which has linked high stress levels to alzheimer's disease and strokes) and high blood pressure (the link between stress and heart attacks) only when the stress is allowed to build up over a long period of time."
练习 1
Toby: Can I have one of over there please?
Shopkeeper: What, right here?
Toby: No no, one, next to the cigarettes over there.
Shopkeeper: Oh I see. I'm afraid you have to be over 18 years of age to buy particular magazine in my hand.
Toby: Oh!
Shopkeeper: What, right here?
Toby: No no, one, next to the cigarettes over there.
Shopkeeper: Oh I see. I'm afraid you have to be over 18 years of age to buy particular magazine in my hand.
Toby: Oh!
Toby: Can I have one of those 1 over there please?
Shopkeeper: What, these 2 right here?
Toby: No no, that 3 one, next to the cigarettes over there.
Shopkeeper: Oh I see. I'm afraid you have to be over 18 years of age to buy this 4 particular magazine in my hand.
Toby: Oh!
Shopkeeper: What, these 2 right here?
Toby: No no, that 3 one, next to the cigarettes over there.
Shopkeeper: Oh I see. I'm afraid you have to be over 18 years of age to buy this 4 particular magazine in my hand.
Toby: Oh!
1 those: Toby is referring to 'one' object within a group of many. We use the plural demonstrative 'those' even though Toby is referring to one object within the group. Because the objects Toby is indicating are distant from him (over there), we use 'those' rather than 'these'.
1 that: Toby is choosing between many items available in the shop, and 'that' signifies one possible item. We must use a plural demonstrative here.
1 the: 'The' is an article, and must be followed by a noun, for example 'the book'.
1 this: Toby is choosing between many items available in the shop, and 'this' signifies one possible item. We must use a plural demonstrative here.
1 these: Toby is referring to some items which are far away from him and 'this' refers to items which are close in proximity to the speaker.
2 these: The shopkeeper is referring to a group of items which are close in proximity to him, as indicated by his phrase 'right here'. Therefore we use the plural demonstrative pronoun 'these'.
2 that: The shopkeeper is referring to many items, which were introduced in the previous sentence. If the shopkeeper had been referring to only one item, he would have asked 'that one?', not 'that'.
2 this: The shopkeeper is referring to many items, which were introduced in the previous sentence. If the shopkeeper had been referring to only one item, he would have asked 'this one?', not 'this'.
2 those: The shopkeeper is referring to a group of items which are close to him. 'Those' refers to a group of items which are far away or distant.
3 that: Toby is now referring to one item in particular, and uses the phrase 'next to the cigarettes over there', which indicates that the object is distant from him. Therefore we use the singular demonstrative adjective 'that' to refer to it.
3 these: Toby's use of the word 'one' indicates that he is referring to a single object. Therefore we cannot use the plural demonstrative term 'these'.
3 this: Toby is pointing to an item which is far away from him (over there), therefore we cannot use the term 'this', which refers to objects which are close in proximity to the speaker.
3 those: Toby's use of the word 'one' indicates that he is referring to a single object. Therefore we cannot use the plural demonstrative term 'those'.
4 this: The shopkeeper is now specifically referring to one particular magazine which is close to him (in my hand), and the singular demonstrative adjective 'this' is necessary.
4 such: 'To buy such particular magazine' is grammatically incorrect. However we could say 'to buy such a magazine as this would be illegal'.
4 that: The phrase 'in my hand' indicates that the object referred to is close in proximity. Therefore we cannot use the demonstrative term 'that' which indicates singular objects which are distant spatially.
练习 2
Complete the sentences below in order to add emphasis to the superlative adjectives.
This is the biggest cucumber in today’s vegetable show.
You are the most beautiful man I have seen this week.
Of all the singers who ever lived, I believe that Elkie Johns is the greatest.
This is the biggest cucumber in today’s vegetable show.
You are the most beautiful man I have seen this week.
Of all the singers who ever lived, I believe that Elkie Johns is the greatest.
Complete the sentences below in order to add emphasis to the superlative adjectives.
This is by far 1 the biggest cucumber in today’s vegetable show.
You are by far 2 the most beautiful man I have seen this week.
Of all the singers who ever lived, I believe that Elkie Johns is the very 3 greatest.
This is by far 1 the biggest cucumber in today’s vegetable show.
You are by far 2 the most beautiful man I have seen this week.
Of all the singers who ever lived, I believe that Elkie Johns is the very 3 greatest.
1 by far: One way of emphasizing a superlative adjective is to add "by far" before the word "the". Note that we could also place "by far" at the end of the sentence: "This is the biggest cucumber in today’s vegetable show by far". Both sentences convey that this cucumber is the biggest without exception. Another example: "Sophie Copper's latest movie is by far the most accomplished of her entire career".
1 far: We can't use the word "far" on its own to emphasize superlative adjectives. However, it can be used to emphasize comparative adjectives. For example: "This cucumber is far bigger than any other vegetable in today's show".
1 very: Although we can use the word "very" to emphasize superlative adjectives, it must be placed between the word "the" and the adjective. We could say: "This is the very biggest cucumber I have ever seen".
2 by far: The man being described in this sentence is "by far the most beautiful": this means that he is much more beautiful than all the other men the speaker saw this week. We could also say "You are the most beautiful man I have seen this week by far". Another example: "That was by far the best sex I've had all day".
2 extremely: We can use "extremely" to emphasize simple adjectives, but not superlative adjectives. For example: "I find this painting extremely pretty".
2 such: "Such" can be used for emphasis, but not with superlative adjectives. It is usually part of the formula such + adjective + noun. For example: "You have such beautiful eyes!"; "This is such a wonderful event!".
3 very: Another way of emphasizing a superlative adjective is to use the formula the + very + superlative adjective. Here, this emphasizes that the speaker considers Elkie Johns the greatest without exception. Another example: "The very strongest women come to compete here, at the World's Strongest Woman contest".
3 most: You should never use the word "most" immediately before a superlative adjective ending in "-st". This is redundant because it repeats information unnecessarily. We use "most" to write the superlative form of long adjectives (with two or more syllables), for example: most terrific, most handsome, most diligent, most loving.
3 even: We can't use the word "even" to emphasize superlative adjectives. However, it can be used to emphasize comparative adjectives. For example: "Do you think Elkie Johns is even greater than Michael George?".
