Up / down in inglese

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Up / down

Principali significati di UP:

• verso l'alto:
up the mountain in cima alla montagna
upstairs di sopra, al piano di sopra.
to go up salire
• in piedi, alzato:
The kids aren't up yet. I bambini non sono ancora in piedi.
to get up, to stand up alzarsi
to wake up svegliarsi
• Accentuazione:
to speak up parlare a voce alta
Pump up the volume alzare il volume (informale)
• finire di fare qualcosa:
I gave up smoking. Ho smesso di fumare.
Drink up! Finisci di bere.
Time is up. Non c'è più tempo.
• e altri significati:
He's up to it. Ne è capace.
It's up to you to decide. Spetta a me la decisione.
What are you up to? Che cosa stai tramando?
to throw up vomitare
Principali significati di DOWN

• verso il basso:
down the street sulla strada, in fondo alla strada
to fall down cadere
• attenuazione
Turn down the music. Abbassa il volume della musica.
• la scrittura:
to write down, to take down scrivere, appuntarsi
• malfunzionamento:
the computer is down il computer non funziona
to feel down sentirsi giù di morale
I feel a little down today. Mi sento un po' giù di morale oggi.
Esercizio 1
Susie: I've decided to give drinking coffee.
Kevin: Really? I tried to stop drinking alcohol once, but I couldn't do it. I felt and depressed without liquor in my system. I kept throwing and having convulsions. I think I have a serious alcohol problem. I need help, Susie.
Susie: I'm sorry, I didn't hear you. Could you speak ?
Susie: I've decided to give up 1 drinking coffee.
Kevin: Really? I tried to stop drinking alcohol once, but I couldn't do it. I felt down 2 and depressed without liquor in my system. I kept throwing up 3 and having convulsions. I think I have a serious alcohol problem. I need help, Susie.
Susie: I'm sorry, I didn't hear you. Could you speak up 4?
1 up: 'To give something up' means to 'quit' or 'stop' or even to 'sacrifice' it. Susie has decided to 'stop' drinking coffee.
1 down: 'To give down' does not make sense. There is no such phrasal verb in English.
1 in: 'To give in drinking coffee' does not make sense. However, 'to give in to' means to 'surrender' or 'capitulate'. We might say: 'the British gave in to the French after being defeated during the battle.'
1 out: The phrasal verb 'to give out' means to distribute, as in the sentence: Every Christmas Papa Noel gives out presents to all the good children in the world. In a different context, 'to give out' means to emit, as in the sentence, 'the sun gives out rays of sunshine'. This expression doesn't belong in Susie's sentence.
2 down: In this context, Kevin is expressing that he feels 'depressed' or 'unhappy' without alcohol. This is a bad thing, and a clear sign of alcoholism. 'Down' indicates a movement towards the bottom or ground, both literally and figuratively.
2 up: Although 'up' is grammatically correct in this construction, it does not make any sense given the context of the phrase. It is contradictory for Kevin to say that alcohol makes him feel 'up' (which can mean positive or energized) AND depressed, which are terms which express opposite meanings.
2 in: One doesn't feel 'in' and 'depressed'. To say that someone feels 'in' might mean that they feel like that are part of a group or community, or that they are 'cool'. However, this is a rare meaning which is inappropriate here.
2 out: The term 'out' doesn't express the feeling of depression, and is generally not used as an adjective on its own to describe a person's feelings.
3 up: 'To throw up' is a phrasal verb synonymous with 'to vomit'. The post position 'up' refers to the act of vomiting, or rejecting fluids upwards from the stomach through the body. Kevin is describing his difficulty in trying to stop drinking.
3 down: The phrasal verb 'to throw down' either expresses the act of throwing something downwards or to the ground, or in a slang context, it can mean to physically fight with someone. Neither of these options belongs in this construction, as Kevin is describing the act of vomiting.
3 out: 'To throw something out' is to discard it or dispose of it (as garbage or rubbish). Kevin is not expressing that he has to dispose of anything, but rather that he continued to vomit when he tried to stop drinking.
3 in: The phrasal verb 'to throw in' has a few different meanings. It can describe the act of contributing to something collective: We're all going to throw in for a present to Susie. It can also describe the act of giving something as an added bonus: If you buy the tv now we'll throw in a remote control as a bonus. Neither of these meanings can describe the act of vomiting which Kevin is trying to do.
4 up: 'Speak up' is a command for someone to speak louder, or to increase the volume of their voice. 'Up' is commonly used to describe a sense of movement towards the top or upwards, or an increasing trend.
4 down: 'To speak down (to someone)' is to speak to them as if they were inferior, or as if they were a child. It is synonymous with the verbs 'to condescend' and 'to patronize'. This expression doesn't belong in this construction.
4 out: 'To speak out (for or against something) is to publicly lobby for or protest against something. For example: The president spoke out against child labor in Asian countries. Susie is not asking Kevin to 'speak out' but rather to 'speak' louder.
4 in: 'To speak in' has no meaning as a phrasal verb in English.
Esercizio 2
Elizabeth: What time did the kids get this morning? Usually they wake at 6.
Jonathan: I'm not sure. They were already when I got of bed.
Elizabeth: What time did the kids get up 1 this morning? Usually they wake at 6.
Jonathan: I'm not sure. They were already up 2 when I got out 3 of bed.
1 up: 'Get up' is synonymous with 'wake up' and 'get out of bed'. The phrasal verb 'to get up' expresses the action of movement 'up' and 'out of' a location, in this case the bed.
1 down: 'Get down' does not make sense here. Elizabeth is asking when the children 'woke up', not from where the children descended. 'To get down' can express the movement from high position to a low one, as in the sentence: Hey Horatio! Get down from that tree before you hurt yourself!. In a slang context 'to get down' can mean to boogie or go crazy on the dance floor.
1 over: 'Get over' does not make sense here. The phrasal verb 'to get over' is usually used when speaking about heartbreak or romantic disappointment. For example: 'I hope Ted 'gets over' his ex-girlfriend soon'. To 'get over' can indicate movement as well, in a different context. For example, a car on the freeway may want to get over to the exit lane.
2 up: Because Jonathan is still speaking about when the children got out of bed, we use 'up', which in this context means that the children were awake and moving around the house (after getting out of bed).
2 from: 'From' is grammatically incorrect here. We cannot say: 'They were from when'. 'From' is generally used as a preposition to indicate origin, as in the phrase 'Bruno stepped away from his desk and kissed me on the cheek'.
2 over: 'Over' does not make sense here. Jonathan is talking about when the children 'woke up'. We might say: The children are staying over at Grandma's tonight to describe that the children are staying 'overnight' with their grandmother.
3 out: Jonathan says 'I got out of bed', meaning that he woke up and left his bed. This is the best choice here. 'Out of' indicates movement towards the exterior. In this case it indicates Jonathan's movement from his bed.
3 up: We cannot say 'get up of bed'. It is grammatically incorrect. We can say however: 'Get up from bed'.
3 down: We cannot say 'get down of bed'. It is grammatically incorrect. We can say however: 'Get down from bed', if your bed is particularly high.
Esercizio 3
Horatio: Come from that tall tree monkey, we must work.
Monkey: Ooohhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh.
Horatio: You cannot stay there all day, there are tests to be done!
Monkey: Ooohhh, ooohhh arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh!
Horatio Now, calm monkey. There's no need to get so agitated.
Monkey: Ooohhh, ooohhh arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh
Horatio: I'm giving you 3 seconds to stop acting like such a baby. One, two, three. Time's !
Monkey Ooohhh, ooohhh arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh!
Horatio: You dirty ape! I don't know what I ever saw in you.
Horatio: Come down 1 from that tall tree monkey, we must work.
Monkey: Ooohhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh.
Horatio: You cannot stay up 2 there all day, there are tests to be done!
Monkey: Ooohhh, ooohhh arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh!
Horatio Now, calm down 3 monkey. There's no need to get so agitated.
Monkey: Ooohhh, ooohhh arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh
Horatio: I'm giving you 3 seconds to stop acting like such a baby. One, two, three. Time's up 4!
Monkey Ooohhh, ooohhh arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh, arrrgghhh!
Horatio: You dirty ape! I don't know what I ever saw in you.
1 down: The phrase 'from that tall tree' indicates that Horatio's monkey is in an elevated position. It makes sense for Horatio to tell him to come 'down', which indicates movement towards a lower position.
1 up: The phrase 'from that tall tree' indicates that the monkey is above Horatio, in an elevated position. It doesn't make sense for Horatio to tell the monkey to go higher.
2 up: The phrase 'from that tall tree' in the previous sentence indicates that the monkey is above Horatio. 'Up' is used here to indicate a place or position that is elevated.
2 down: Although grammatically correct, 'down' makes no sense in this construction. The phrase 'from that tall tree' indicates that the monkey is higher than Horatio. 'Down' is used to indicate a place or position which is low.
3 down: Here 'down' is used to complete the phrasal verb 'calm down'. Although 'down' doesn't literally indicate a low position in this expression, it does express the sense of collecting oneself from an excited or agitated state: a decrease in intensity. The expression 'calm down' is a request for someone to relax or stay cool.
3 up: There is no such expression in English.
4 up: The idiom 'time's up' (or 'time is up') expresses that the allotted or awarded time for something is over. Horatio has given his monkey three seconds to correct his bad behavior. After the three seconds have expired, he says 'time's up'. In this context, and in many others, 'up' is used to indicate a sense of completion or finality.
4 down: There is no such expression in English.
Esercizio 4
Susie: I know you didn't make the sale, but don't feel about it
Philip: It's nice of you to cheer me , Susie.
Susie: Of course Philip. The important thing is that you don't give , and that you keep trying to make one more sale.
Philip: Wow, Susie! I can't believe how sweet you are being. What's gotten into you?
Susie: If you make one more sale, Bruno's promised us all a trip south to Acapulco.
Philip: Oh...so you don't really like me as a person?
Susie: Of course not. Now get back to work!
Susie: I know you didn't make the sale, but don't feel down 1 about it
Philip: It's nice of you to cheer me up 2, Susie.
Susie: Of course Philip. The important thing is that you don't give up 3, and that you keep trying to make one more sale.
Philip: Wow, Susie! I can't believe how sweet you are being. What's gotten into you?
Susie: If you make one more sale, Bruno's promised us all a trip down 4 south to Acapulco.
Philip: Oh...so you don't really like me as a person?
Susie: Of course not. Now get back to work!
1 down: 'To feel down' is to feel depressed or unhappy. 'Down' can be used to indicate movement towards the bottom or ground, both literally and figuratively. Susie is encouraging Philip not to feel bad about his missed sale.
1 up: Although 'up' is grammatically correct here, it does not make any sense given the context of the phrase. Philip would not feel 'up' if he missed the chance to make a sale.
2 up: To 'cheer someone up' is to try to boost or stimulate their morale, or to try to make them feel positive. Here 'up' is used figuratively to indicate the movement or transition of someone's feelings or emotions from a low point to a high point.
2 down: There is no such expression in English.
3 up: 'To give up' means to 'quit' or 'stop' or even to surrender or capitulate. Susie is encouraging Philip to continue making phone calls and to try to sell. 'Don't give up' is synonymous with 'Keep trying' in this context. 'Up' is used here to indicate a sense of completion or finality, or an action ending.
3 down: There is no such expression in English.
4 down: To go 'down south' is to descend (geographically) in a southern direction. 'Down' is used here to indicate movement towards a southern location.
4 up: Going 'up south' is contradictory. It doesn't make sense to use 'up' here.
Esercizio 5
Fill in the blanks below with the appropriate term: 'up' or 'down'.

Polly: You wanted to see me sir?
Bruno: That's right Polly. Please note this .
Polly: I'm sorry sir, I didn't hear you, could you speak ?
Bruno: It is a bit loud in here. Where is that music coming from?
Polly: From Luna's office, I think. I'll go ask her to turn the volume.
Bruno: Well, hurry. I'm climbing Mt. Kilimanjaro in 5 minutes.
Fill in the blanks below with the appropriate term: 'up' or 'down'.

Polly: You wanted to see me sir?
Bruno: That's right Polly. Please note this down 1.
Polly: I'm sorry sir, I didn't hear you, could you speak up 2?
Bruno: It is a bit loud in here. Where is that music coming from?
Polly: From Luna's office, I think. I'll go ask her to turn down 3 the volume.
Bruno: Well, hurry. I'm climbing up 4 Mt. Kilimanjaro in 5 minutes.
1 down: The phrasal verb 'to note down' describes that act of writing something (on a piece of paper). Here Bruno is going to dictate information to Polly. In this context, and in many others, 'down' is used to describe the act of transcribing information to paper. Other examples: to take down, to jot down, to write down.
2 up: 'Speak up' is a command or request for someone to speak louder, or to increase the volume of their voice. 'Up' is commonly used to describe an increasing trend or an increase in intensity.
3 down: To 'turn down the volume' is to decrease or reduce the volume. 'Down' is often used to describe the reduction or decrease in volume, quantity etc.
4 up: 'To climb up (a mountain)' is to ascend to its top or peak. 'Up' here is used in one of its primary senses: to indicate movement towards an elevated position or to the top of a place.

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