Evitar a dupla negação em inglês
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Evitar a dupla negação
A dupla negação: toda proposição negativa deve ter uma só negação.
Alguns pronomes ou advérbios como no, nothing (nada), nobody (ninguém), never (nunca) são denominados termos negativos. Eles próprios expressam a negação:
Alguns pronomes ou advérbios como no, nothing (nada), nobody (ninguém), never (nunca) são denominados termos negativos. Eles próprios expressam a negação:
He never comes over for dinner. Ele nunca vem comer em casa.
There is nothing to worry about. Não há nada com o que se preocupar.
Nobody will work tomorrow. Ninguém vai trabalhar amanhã.
Quando já existe uma negação na frase se utiliza:
any em lugar de no,
anything em lugar de nothing,
anybody em lugar de nobody,
ever em lugar de never...
any em lugar de no,
anything em lugar de nothing,
anybody em lugar de nobody,
ever em lugar de never...
He has no friends.
He doesn't have any friends. Ele não tem nenhum amigo.
He doesn't have any friends. Ele não tem nenhum amigo.
I see nothing from here.
I can't see anything from here. Não vejo nada daqui.
I can't see anything from here. Não vejo nada daqui.
She never calls me.
She doesn't ever call me. Ela nunca me liga.
She doesn't ever call me. Ela nunca me liga.
People never call me Mr. Cheeter...
Nobody ever calls me Mr. Cheeter... Ninguém nunca me chama de Mr. Cheeter.
(Nobody leva a negação)
Nobody ever calls me Mr. Cheeter... Ninguém nunca me chama de Mr. Cheeter.
(Nobody leva a negação)
Exercício 1
I don't want to see your ugly face again.
I don't ever want to see your ugly face again.
ever: 'Ever' is the best choice here. In a sentence which already carries negation, 'ever' is used as the affirmative equivalent of 'never' to express the idea of something which happens 'at no time' or 'on no occasion'
never: Using 'never' forms a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
always: 'Always' does not make sense in this construction. In English, 'always' is rarely used in negative constructions.
sometimes: 'Sometimes' does not make sense here. The construction 'I don't' is never followed by 'sometimes' to express frequency.
Exercício 2
Horatio has liked Kevin very much.
Horatio has never liked Kevin very much.
never: Because this sentence carries no negation, we must use the negative term 'never' to create a grammatically correct statement.
ever: Using 'ever' forms a grammatically incorrect sentence. In order to correctly express this thought in an affirmative construction, we must use a negative term.
Exercício 3
Icarus's mother advises him to leave home without a clean pair of underwear.
Icarus's mother advises him never to leave home without a clean pair of underwear.
never: Because this sentence carries no negation, we must use the negative term 'never' to create a grammatically correct statement.
ever: Using 'ever' forms a grammatically incorrect sentence. In an affirmative construction such as this one, we must use a negative term to correctly complete the sentence.
Exercício 4
Polly says that she hasn't told a lie, but we know better.
Polly says that she hasn't ever told a lie, but we know better.
ever: 'Ever' is the best choice here. Because this construction is negative ('hasn't' carries the negation), we must use the affirmative term 'ever' to complete the sentence correctly.
never: 'Hasn't' already carries the negation of this sentence. Using 'never' forms a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
always: 'Always' does not fit in this sentence. 'Hasn't' and 'always' cannot be used together to express frequency.
Exercício 5
Polly says Kevin doesn't know how to do right.
Polly says Kevin doesn't know how to do anything right.
anything: 'Anything' is the correct choice because 'doesn't' carries the negation of the sentence.
nothing: 'Nothing' is incorrect because 'doesn't' already carries the negation of the phrase. To say Kevin 'doesn't know how to do nothing right' forms a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
never: 'Never' does not make sense here.
ever: 'Ever' doesn't fit in this sentence.
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