Expressar o futuro com 'BE GOING TO' em inglês
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Expressar o futuro com 'BE GOING TO'
A expressão be going to seguida de um verbo no infinitivo, permite expressar uma ideia no futuro próximo:
I'm going to talk to him. Vou falar com ele.
Several employees are going to be promoted next month. Vários funcionários serão promovidos no próximo mês.
Be going to também pode conter uma ideia de convicção:
It's going to rain. Vai chover.
I'm not going to fail. Não vou falhar.
Observação: be going to também pode ser usado com um particípio passado:
They are going to have finished by tomorrow afternoon. Eles vão ter terminado amanhã à tarde.
(Entretanto will é muito mais usado neste tipo de construção: They will have finished...)
(Entretanto will é muito mais usado neste tipo de construção: They will have finished...)
Exercício 1
Bob to be really surprised tomorrow when he the cake Luna made for him.
Bob is going 1 to be really surprised tomorrow when he sees 2 the cake Luna made for him.
1 is going: 'Bob is going (to be happy, to travel to Europe)' is a construction which describes a future action or event, usually one in the near future. The auxiliary 'be' must be conjugated appropriately based on subject and tense: Bob IS going to be surprised.
1 was going: Because of the term 'tomorrow', we know that the phrase requires a verb in the future tense. The past progressive tense (was going) should not be used here.
1 will be going: 'Bob will be going to be' is redundant and awkward, and shouldn't be used here (or ever!). On its own, the phrase 'will be going' can be used in the context of movement or travel: I will be going to Denver tomorrow.
1 goes: On its own, 'go' expresses a sense of movement, and cannot be used to describe a future action or event.
2 sees: 'Sees' is the best choice here. Following the clause in the future tense, we use the simple present tense here to correctly complete the construction.
2 will be seeing: There is no need to use the future tense here. The simple present tense following the clause about the future is the correct way to complete this construction.
2 see: The third person singular form of the regular verbs in the present tense require an 's'!
Exercício 2
Philip and Kevin out to the bars after work tonight, and they to stop drinking until the sun rises tomorrow morning.
Philip and Kevin are going 1 out to the bars after work tonight, and they are not going 2 to stop drinking until the sun rises tomorrow morning.
1 are going: When using the future tense construction 'to be going', the auxiliary 'be' is conjugated like the simple present tense: Philip and Kevin ARE going drinking.
1 is going: Kevin and Philip are two people, so we must use a plural form of the verb 'to be' (they ARE).
1 were going: Because of the word 'tonight' at the end of the phrase, we know that we cannot use a past tense form of the verb here!
2 are not going: This is correct because it is a negative plural form of the 'be going to' construction.
2 won't: We cannot use 'won't' in this case because of the infinitive verb (to stop) which follows it. 'They won't to stop drinking' is grammatically incorrect.
2 won't going: 'They won't going to stop' is grammatically incorrect. 'Won't' cannot be followed directly by a verb in the ING form.
Exercício 3
Bruno to fly to Florida earlier this month, but he changed his mind after hearing that there still hurricanes in the area.
Bruno was going 1 to fly to Florida earlier this month, but he changed his mind after hearing that there were 2 still hurricanes in the area.
1 was going: This is the best choice here. We must put the verb 'to be' in a past tense form.
1 is going: Because of the phrase 'earlier this month' we know that the past tense (preterit) is required here.
2 were: Because 'hurricanes' is plural, we must use the third person, plural form of the verb 'to be' in the past simple tense (preterit).
2 was: We cannot use a singular form of 'to be' because the plural noun 'hurricanes' requires a plural form of the verb.
Exercício 4
Kevin: Hey Luna, are you to Polly's party next weekend?
Luna: I might , but I might not, it depends on the phase of the moon.
Luna: I might , but I might not, it depends on the phase of the moon.
Kevin: Hey Luna, are you going 1 to Polly's party next weekend?
Luna: I might go 2, but I might not, it depends on the phase of the moon.
Luna: I might go 2, but I might not, it depends on the phase of the moon.
1 going: To ask a question about an action planned for the near future, we can use the 'be going to' construction. The auxiliary 'be' is conjugated normally in the simple present tense, and is followed by a verb in the ING form: You are GOING (or in the interrogative form, are you GOING).
1 gone: It does not make sense to use a past tense form of the verb 'to go' here. Note that the past participle 'gone' is only used in perfect tense constructions: He has gone, Have you gone.
1 go: 'Are you go' is grammatically incorrect. Questions cannot be formed in this way, and this future tense construction requires a verb in the ING form (Are you GOING).
2 go: 'Go' is the best choice here because the infinitive form of the verb always follows an auxiliary such as 'might'.
2 going: Because of the auxiliary 'might', we must use the infinitive form of the verb 'to go', without 'to'.
2 am going: 'I might am going' is grammatically incorrect. Following the auxiliary 'might', the infinitive form is required (I might BE going).
Exercício 5
Luna: Hey Horatio. Susie and I are to the movies later, would you like to join us?
Horatio: What are you going to see?
Luna: I'm not sure yet. I'll have and check the newspaper later.
Horatio: I will be in my laboratory sleeping. Come find me when you have made a decision.
Horatio: What are you going to see?
Luna: I'm not sure yet. I'll have and check the newspaper later.
Horatio: I will be in my laboratory sleeping. Come find me when you have made a decision.
Luna: Hey Horatio. Susie and I are going 1 to the movies later, would you like to join us?
Horatio: What are you going to see?
Luna: I'm not sure yet. I'll have to go 2 and check the newspaper later.
Horatio: I will be in my laboratory sleeping. Come find me when you have made a decision.
Horatio: What are you going to see?
Luna: I'm not sure yet. I'll have to go 2 and check the newspaper later.
Horatio: I will be in my laboratory sleeping. Come find me when you have made a decision.
1 going: This is the correct way to express the future using the 'be going to' form. To create this tense, we conjugate the auxiliary 'be' in the present tense (first person plural) and use the ING form of the verb: (WE) ARE GOING. The 'be going to' form describes a planned action for the near future.
1 will go: 'We are will go' is grammatically incorrect. Although 'will go' is a valid future tense form, the auxiliary 'be' is not used to form it. We could say: We will go to the market, or They will go shopping.
1 go: 'Susie and I are go' is grammatically incorrect. Following the conjugated auxiliary 'are', we cannot use the infinitive form 'go'. To create a future tense construction using 'be going to', we must use the ING form of the verb.
2 to go: We must leave the verb 'to go' in its infinitive form, because of the conjugated verb 'have' which precedes it. When 'have' is used as a modal to express 'necessity', it must be followed by the infinitive from of the second verb: He has TO LEAVE, she had TO SING.
2 go: Following the conjugated verb 'have', we must use the FULL infinitive form of the second verb: I have TO GO.
2 going: Following the conjugated verb 'have', we cannot use a verb in the ING form.
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