Sort of, kind of em inglês
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Sort of, kind of
Sort of e kind of expressam o caráter vago de uma ação:
I'm kind of hungry. Estou faminto.
They sort of understood the question. Eles entenderam vagamente a pergunta.
Comentário: No idioma falado, em particular no inglês americano, kind of se contrai e se pronuncia [kinda] :
I'm kinda happy. [: kinda:]
Exercício 1
Jean is asking you a question about Icarus being angry! Place the possible answers in order from least angry to most angry.
Jean: How did Icarus respond when you said you didn’t like the number 9?
Answer which implies the least anger: Icarus was angry.
Answer which implies more anger: Icarus was angry.
Answer which implies the most anger: Icarus was angry.
Jean: How did Icarus respond when you said you didn’t like the number 9?
Answer which implies the least anger: Icarus was angry.
Answer which implies more anger: Icarus was angry.
Answer which implies the most anger: Icarus was angry.
Jean is asking you a question about Icarus being angry! Place the possible answers in order from least angry to most angry.
Jean: How did Icarus respond when you said you didn’t like the number 9?
Answer which implies the least anger: Icarus was kind of 1 angry.
Answer which implies more anger: Icarus was very 2 angry.
Answer which implies the most anger: Icarus was extremely 3 angry.
Jean: How did Icarus respond when you said you didn’t like the number 9?
Answer which implies the least anger: Icarus was kind of 1 angry.
Answer which implies more anger: Icarus was very 2 angry.
Answer which implies the most anger: Icarus was extremely 3 angry.
1 kind of: When used before an adjective (such as "angry"), "kind of" and "sort of" have a similar meaning to "slightly" or "somewhat". This answer refers to a small-to-moderate amount of anger. Another example: "The movie was sort of interesting, but I wouldn't watch it again".
1 very: "Very" is an intensifier. "Very angry" refers to a large amount of anger. Out of these three options, it does not refer to the least anger.
1 extremely: "Extremely" is an intensifier. "Extremely angry" refers to a very large amount of anger. Out of these three options, it does not refer to the least anger.
2 very: "Very" is an intensifier which emphasizes an adjective (such as "angry"). "Very angry" refers to more anger than "sort of angry", but less anger than "extremely angry", because "extremely" is a stronger intensifier. Another example: "I'm very nervous about the exam tomorrow".
2 extremely: "Extremely" is the strongest word out of these choices. It expresses the most anger.
2 kind of: "Kind of" expresses the least anger out of these choices.
3 extremely: "Extremely" is a strong intensifier which makes an adjective much stronger. Icarus being "extremely angry" would refer to the most anger out of these options. Another example: "She is extremely beautiful. I'm not sure I've ever seen such a beautiful woman".
3 very: "Very" is a less strong intensifier than "extremely". Therefore, "very angry" does not refer to the most anger out of these options.
3 kind of: "Kind of" expresses the least anger out of these choices, not the most!
Exercício 2
Brian is asking you a question about people laughing at a joke. Place the possible answers in order from most laughter to least laughter.
Brian: Did everyone laugh at Bruno’s joke?
Answer which implies the most laughter: The crowd laughed.
Answer which implies less laughter: The crowd laughed.
Answer which implies the least laughter: The crowd didn’t laugh .
Brian: Did everyone laugh at Bruno’s joke?
Answer which implies the most laughter: The crowd laughed.
Answer which implies less laughter: The crowd laughed.
Answer which implies the least laughter: The crowd didn’t laugh .
Brian is asking you a question about people laughing at a joke. Place the possible answers in order from most laughter to least laughter.
Brian: Did everyone laugh at Bruno’s joke?
Answer which implies the most laughter: The crowd sort of 1 laughed.
Answer which implies less laughter: The crowd barely 2 laughed.
Answer which implies the least laughter: The crowd didn’t laugh at all 3.
Brian: Did everyone laugh at Bruno’s joke?
Answer which implies the most laughter: The crowd sort of 1 laughed.
Answer which implies less laughter: The crowd barely 2 laughed.
Answer which implies the least laughter: The crowd didn’t laugh at all 3.
1 sort of: The terms "sort of" and "kind of" can be used before a verb to indicate that something happened vaguely or partially. In this case, we can understand that there was a small amount of laughter in the crowd. Another example: "He kind of ran, kind of walked to the exit".
1 barely: "The crowd barely laughed" implies less laughter than "The crowd sort of laughed".
1 at all: "At all" cannot be used in this sentence. "At all" is added to negative sentences to emphasize a negative statement. For example: "I don't like Philip at all" (I completely dislike Philip).
2 barely: "The crowd barely laughed" implies that there was almost no laughter in the crowd. Only a few people in the crowd laughed at Bruno's joke. "Barely", and its synonym "hardly", refer to something which almost doesn't happen. Example: "I barely slept last night".
2 sort of: "The crowd sort of laughed" implies more laughter than "The crowd barely laughed".
2 at all: "At all" cannot be used in this sentence. "At all" is added to negative sentences to emphasize a negative statement. For example: "I don't like Philip at all" (I completely dislike Philip).
3 at all: "Not" is used with "at all" to add emphasis to a negative sentence. "Not at all" means the same thing as "absolutely not". This sentence implies zero laughter in the crowd. Another example: "He didn't listen to the explanation at all".
3 barely: "Barely" cannot be used in this sentence: it is used in affirmative sentences, not negative ones, and is placed before the verb. Example: "I barely know anything about tree surgery" (I know almost nothing about tree surgery).
3 sort of: "Sort of" cannot be used in this sentence: it is used in affirmative sentences, not negative ones, and is placed before the verb. Example: "We sort of argued about the dinner, but it wasn't a full-blown argument".
Exercício 3
Fill in the blanks. Each option is only used once.
Bob: I have a job for you. Can you these magazines and find all the ones from 1996?
Bob’s son: That sounds boring.
Bob: If you do it, I’ll that problem you were having with your computer.
Bob’s son: OK, deal.
Bob: I have a job for you. Can you these magazines and find all the ones from 1996?
Bob’s son: That sounds boring.
Bob: If you do it, I’ll that problem you were having with your computer.
Bob’s son: OK, deal.
Fill in the blanks. Each option is only used once.
Bob: I have a job for you. Can you sort through 1 these magazines and find all the ones from 1996?
Bob’s son: That sounds sort of 2 boring.
Bob: If you do it, I’ll sort out 3 that problem you were having with your computer.
Bob’s son: OK, deal.
Bob: I have a job for you. Can you sort through 1 these magazines and find all the ones from 1996?
Bob’s son: That sounds sort of 2 boring.
Bob: If you do it, I’ll sort out 3 that problem you were having with your computer.
Bob’s son: OK, deal.
1 sort through: To "sort through" a group of things is to order or organize them. Here, Bob is asking his son to look at all the magazines in the pile and find all the magazines that were published in the year 1996. Another example: "Please sort through these client files and put them into alphabetical order".
1 sort out: Although "sort out" could make sense here, it is less precise in meaning than "sort through". To "sort out" a problem is to solve it. This phrasal verb is the only possible answer for blank number 3, so we can't use it here, because each term can only be used once in this exercise!
1 sort of: "Sort of" is not a verb, so Bob cannot ask his son to do it! "Sort of" modifies a verb, adjective or adverb, but not a noun such as "magazines". Example: "These magazines are sort of sticky... Did you spill something on them?".
2 sort of: When used before an adjective (such as "boring"), "sort of" has a similar meaning to "slightly" or "somewhat". Bob's son is saying that the task sounds somewhat boring. Another example: "Edward's story was sort of difficult to believe".
2 sort through: "To sort through" is a (phrasal) verb. We can't use a verb at this point in the sentence!
2 sort out: "To sort out" is a (phrasal) verb. We can't use a verb at this point in the sentence!
3 sort out: To "sort out" a problem is to solve it. Bob is offering to find a solution to the problem with his son's computer. Another example: "Do you think we will be able to sort out the issue with the printer by tomorrow?".
3 sort through: "To sort through" a group of items is to put them in a certain order, or to organize them in some way. Example: "I've sorted through all my old poems, and arranged them according to genre". We can't use this phrasal verb before the word "problem".
3 sort of: "Sort of" is not a verb, so Bob cannot offer to do it! "Sort of" modifies a verb, adjective or adverb, but not a noun such as "problem". Example: "These magazines are sort of sticky... Did you spill something on them?".
Exercício 4
Fill in the blanks. Each option is only used once.
Polly: Edward, I need you to these papers. You like piles of papers, right?
Edward: Erm, I like them…
Polly: Great. I’m going to that problem with the coffee machine. I need coffee.
Polly: Edward, I need you to these papers. You like piles of papers, right?
Edward: Erm, I like them…
Polly: Great. I’m going to that problem with the coffee machine. I need coffee.
Fill in the blanks. Each option is only used once.
Polly: Edward, I need you to sort through 1 these papers. You like piles of papers, right?
Edward: Erm, I sort of 2 like them…
Polly: Great. I’m going to sort out 3 that problem with the coffee machine. I need coffee.
Polly: Edward, I need you to sort through 1 these papers. You like piles of papers, right?
Edward: Erm, I sort of 2 like them…
Polly: Great. I’m going to sort out 3 that problem with the coffee machine. I need coffee.
1 sort through: To "sort through" a group of things is to order or organize them. Polly's instruction is vague, but we can guess that she wants Edward to put the papers into some sort of logical order or categorization. Another example: "I really need to sort through these job applications; they're all mixed up at the moment".
1 sort out: Although "sort out" could make sense here, it is less precise in meaning than "sort through". To "sort out" a problem is to solve it. This phrasal verb is the only possible answer for blank number 3, so we can't use it here, because each term can only be used once in this exercise!
1 sort of: "Sort of" is not a verb, so Polly cannot ask Edward to do it! "Sort of" (and its synonym "kind of") modifies a verb, adjective or adverb, but not a noun such as "papers". Example: "Your instructions are kind of unclear. Could you make them simpler?".
2 sort of: The terms "sort of" and "kind of" can be used before a verb to indicate that something happened vaguely or partially. Edward is saying that he likes piles of papers somewhat, but he isn't very enthusiastic about them. Another example: "I sort of remember last year's party... but not very clearly".
2 sort through: "To sort out" is a (phrasal) verb. We can't use a verb at this point in the sentence, immediately before the verb "like"!
2 sort out: "To sort out" is a (phrasal) verb. We can't use a verb at this point in the sentence, immediately before the verb "like"!
3 sort out: To "sort out" a problem is to solve it. Polly is going to do something to make the coffee machine function correctly again. We can also use this phrasal verb before a noun which refers to a difficult task. For example: "Did you sort out your visa application?".
3 sort through: "To sort through" a group of items is to put them in a certain order, or to organize them in some way. Example: "Are you going to sort through those playing cards? We need to find two full decks of 52". We can't use this phrasal verb before the word "problem".
3 sort of: "Sort of" is not a verb, so Polly cannot do it! "Sort of" (and its synonym "kind of") modifies a verb, adjective or adverb, but not a noun such as "problem". Example: "Your instructions are kind of unclear. Could you make them simpler?".
Exercício 5
Fill in the blanks so that each pair of sentences share the same meaning.
I’m somewhat bored at work at the moment. = I’m bored at work at the moment.
Philip irritated me a little yesterday. = Philip irritated me yesterday.
I’m somewhat bored at work at the moment. = I’m bored at work at the moment.
Philip irritated me a little yesterday. = Philip irritated me yesterday.
Fill in the blanks so that each pair of sentences share the same meaning.
I’m somewhat bored at work at the moment. = I’m kind of 1 bored at work at the moment.
Philip irritated me a little yesterday. = Philip sort of 2 irritated me yesterday.
I’m somewhat bored at work at the moment. = I’m kind of 1 bored at work at the moment.
Philip irritated me a little yesterday. = Philip sort of 2 irritated me yesterday.
1 kind of: The terms "sort of" and "kind of" can be used before an adjective like "bored" to mean "somewhat" or "slightly". Another example: "Tim is nice, but he's kind of slow to understand things".
1 a kind of: We can't include the article "a" here. We would say "a kind of" immediately before a noun. For example: "Gazpacho is a kind of soup traditionally served cold" (Gazpacho is a variety of soup).
1 a kind: We can't include the article "a" here. In another context, we might refer to "a kind person", meaning a generous or nice person. Alternatively, to modify an adjective, we could say "a bit bored", "a little bored" or "a touch bored".
1 kind: "Kind" (without "of") is an adjective meaning "generous" or "nice". It can be used immediately before a noun, but not another adjective like "bored". Example: "She is a very kind woman, who gives up lots of her time to help others".
2 sort of: The terms "sort of" and "kind of" can be used before a verb to indicate that something happened vaguely or partially. In this case, we can understand that Philip irritated the speaker a little yesterday. Another example: "I kind of like Chinese food, but I prefer Thai".
2 a sort of: We can't include the article "a" here. We would say "a sort of" immediately before a noun. For example: "A limerick is a sort of poem" (a variety, a kind of poem).
2 sorted: "Sorted" is the past tense of the verb "to sort". Example: "My mother sorted out the problem for me". We can't use a verb at this point in the sentence.
2 was sort of: "Irritated" is a verb in this sentence, and "me" is the object of this verb. Without "me", we could say "Philip was sort of irritated yesterday" (or, more likely, "Philip was sort of irritating yesterday"). In this case, "irritated" would be an adjective.
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