To em inglês
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To
Principais usos de TO :
•como preposição, to expressa o deslocamento para:
•como preposição, to expressa o deslocamento para:
I go to Paris every summer. Eu vou a Paris todos os verões.
on the way to Rome no caminho para Roma
the train to Barcelona o trem para Barcelona
• o resultado:
from March to September de março a setembro (= till)
You'll find everything here, from sportswear to fishing gear. Você encontrará tudo aqui, desde roupa esportiva até artigos de pesca.
• a atribuição:
I gave the letter to Icarus. Dei a carta a Icarus.
• de maneira geral, to introduz o infinitivo, utilizando depois inúmeros verbos, substantivos e adjetivos:
I want to see her. Eu quero vê-la.
He tried to escape. Ele tentou escapar.
It's too cold to have a barbecue. Faz muito frio para fazer churrasco.
Susie's ability to work is impressive. A capacidade de trabalhar de Susie é impressionante.
Bruno is eager to work with Horatio. Bruno tem vontade de trabalhar com Horatio.
• o infinitivo com to expressa principalmente um objetivo:
Polly wrote this email to schedule a meeting. Polly escreveu um email para programar uma reunião.
• to às vezes introduz um verbo no gerúndio (com -ing) :
She's not used to drinking alcohol. Ela não está acostumada a beber álcool.
I look forward to hearing from you soon. Estou à espera de receber notícias de sua parte.
Exercício 1
Use the words from this list to fill in the blanks in the text. Be careful! Some words may be used more than once.
all | about | to | finally | first | before | as | with | on | in
'Hey, Philip, come here. I want to tell you a story my trip China,' said Kevin. 'Hold a minute, let me finish my lunch ,' answered Philip. Several minutes passed Philip entered Kevin's office. 'Ok, tell me your story,' said Philip. ' you may know, I went China last week. I had a meeting Mrs. Mei-Tsing Lee to discuss our new production plan. And, the day I went to her office, I accidentally got the wrong bus. And, the next thing I knew, I was North Korea.' 'Is that ?' 'Well, yes.'
all | about | to | finally | first | before | as | with | on | in
'Hey, Philip, come here. I want to tell you a story my trip China,' said Kevin. 'Hold a minute, let me finish my lunch ,' answered Philip. Several minutes passed Philip entered Kevin's office. 'Ok, tell me your story,' said Philip. ' you may know, I went China last week. I had a meeting Mrs. Mei-Tsing Lee to discuss our new production plan. And, the day I went to her office, I accidentally got the wrong bus. And, the next thing I knew, I was North Korea.' 'Is that ?' 'Well, yes.'
Use the words from this list to fill in the blanks in the text. Be careful! Some words may be used more than once.
all | about | to | finally | first | before | as | with | on | in
'Hey, Philip, come here. I want to tell you a story about 1 my trip to 2 China,' said Kevin. 'Hold on 3 a minute, let me finish my lunch first 4,' answered Philip. Several minutes passed before 5 Philip finally 6 entered Kevin's office. 'Ok, tell me your story,' said Philip. 'as 7 you may know, I went to 8 China last week. I had a meeting with 9 Mrs. Mei-Tsing Lee to discuss our new production plan. And, on 10 the day I went to her office, I accidentally got on 11 the wrong bus. And, the next thing I knew, I was in 12 North Korea.' 'Is that all 13?' 'Well, yes.'
all | about | to | finally | first | before | as | with | on | in
'Hey, Philip, come here. I want to tell you a story about 1 my trip to 2 China,' said Kevin. 'Hold on 3 a minute, let me finish my lunch first 4,' answered Philip. Several minutes passed before 5 Philip finally 6 entered Kevin's office. 'Ok, tell me your story,' said Philip. 'as 7 you may know, I went to 8 China last week. I had a meeting with 9 Mrs. Mei-Tsing Lee to discuss our new production plan. And, on 10 the day I went to her office, I accidentally got on 11 the wrong bus. And, the next thing I knew, I was in 12 North Korea.' 'Is that all 13?' 'Well, yes.'
1 about: We can talk about something, but we talk to someone. 'About' is the best choice here. Example: I want to talk to you about my mother.
2 to: Kevin is telling Philip about his trip to China. 'To' is the best choice because a 'trip' carries the idea of movement. When we speak about movement, we always talk about someone or something going from one place to another. In this case 'to' indicates the destination of Kevin's trip.
3 on: 'On' is the best choice here. "Hold on" is a common expression which means 'please wait' or 'wait a minute'. It is often used when speaking on the phone. Example: Please hold on while I grab a pencil.
4 first: 'First' is the correct choice. Philip says 'let me finish my lunch first', meaning that he wants to finish his lunch 'before' Kevin tells him the story of his trip to Asia.
5 before: 'Before' is the correct answer. It tells us that time has passed before Philip enters Kevin's office. Example: We were talking about you before you arrived.
6 finally: 'Finally' means 'at last' or 'lastly'. It is the best choice here. Example: I've finally finished reading War and Peace.
7 as: 'As you may know' is an expression which introduces a fact or statement which is presumably known by one person or a group of people. Example: As you will know, your mother and I have decided to adopt a guinea pig.
8 to: Kevin is telling Philip that he went 'to' China. 'To' is the best choice because the verb 'to go' carries the idea of movement, and the preposition 'to' indicates the object or destination of this movement. Example: I'm going to London next week.
9 with: 'With' groups together objects, people and ideas. It is the best choice here to tell us 'whom' Kevin met (Mei-Tsing Lee). Example: I had a date with a guy I met online.
10 on: "On the day" is the correct choice. We use this type of expression to give specific information about a date. Example: On August first, on Monday morning, etc.
11 on: 'To get on the bus' is to board a bus. When using prepositions with modes of transportation, we often run into problems. Usually, when we are speaking about public transportation (bus, metro, airplane, etc.) we use the preposition on. But if we are talking about a car, we use in (get in the car).
12 in: Kevin tells Philip that he was in North Korea, which means that he was inside the country or within the country's borders. Example: I was in Puerto Rico when the hurricane hit.
13 all: 'Is that all?' is a question which asks if someone is finished (speaking, shopping, etc.). Example: Is that all the cake you have left?
Exercício 2
My mother told me to go the store yesterday, but it was hot. I told her to go instead of me, but she refused. She said she was tired. I said, 'Me !'.
My mother told me to go to 1 the store yesterday, but it was too 2 hot. I told her to go instead of me, but she refused. She said she was too 3 tired. I said, 'Me too 4!'.
1 to: 'To' is a preposition describing a direction or movement. In this context, 'to' expresses the sense of movement 'towards' a location (to the store).
1 too: 'Too' is an adverb meaning either 'excessive' or 'also'. It is not appropriate in this case, as this construction requires the preposition 'to', which indicates direction or location.
2 too: 'Too' is an adverb meaning 'excessive'. It describes the 'high' or 'excessive' temperature in this exercise.
2 to: Generally, the preposition 'to' is used to indicate movement or direction. Grammatically, 'to' cannot be used to describe an adjective (hot).
3 too: 'Too' is an adverb meaning 'excessive'. It describes the speaker's mother being 'excessively' tired, or 'so tired' that she couldn't go to the store.
3 to: Generally, the preposition 'to' is used to indicate movement or direction. Grammatically, 'to' cannot be used to describe an adjective (hot).
4 too: 'Too' is an adverb meaning 'also'. It indicates that the speaker is 'also tired'. 'Me too' is often used to signal the speaker's agreement with something which has just been stated. Note that 'too' can also mean 'excessive' in another context.
4 also: 'Also' and 'too' can both express the meaning of 'in addition to' or 'additionally', however when 'also' is used in this context, it must precede an adjective (I'm also tired, I am also sick). Using 'also' here (Me also) is grammatically incorrect.
Exercício 3
Fill in the blanks below using the following words:
too | also | to
Philip: Hey, Polly, this is Philip Cheeter, director of sales. Ok, now. Don't get excited, but I have a proposition for you.
Polly: Unless it involves you moving a small town in Siberia, I'm not interested.
Philip: No, but it does involve you and me at a cabin, in the woods. You know, in addition to a sales genius, I'm an avid ski enthusiast.
Polly: And you're married. Thanks, Cheeter. Bye now.
Philip: Ouch!
too | also | to
Philip: Hey, Polly, this is Philip Cheeter, director of sales. Ok, now. Don't get excited, but I have a proposition for you.
Polly: Unless it involves you moving a small town in Siberia, I'm not interested.
Philip: No, but it does involve you and me at a cabin, in the woods. You know, in addition to a sales genius, I'm an avid ski enthusiast.
Polly: And you're married. Thanks, Cheeter. Bye now.
Philip: Ouch!
Fill in the blanks below using the following words:
too | also | to
Philip: Hey, Polly, this is Philip Cheeter, director of sales. Ok, now. Don't get too 1 excited, but I have a proposition for you.
Polly: Unless it involves you moving to 2 a small town in Siberia, I'm not too 3 interested.
Philip: No, but it does involve you and me at a cabin, in the woods. You know, in addition to a sales genius, I'm also 4 an avid ski enthusiast.
Polly: And you're also 5 married. Thanks, Cheeter. Bye now.
Philip: Ouch!
too | also | to
Philip: Hey, Polly, this is Philip Cheeter, director of sales. Ok, now. Don't get too 1 excited, but I have a proposition for you.
Polly: Unless it involves you moving to 2 a small town in Siberia, I'm not too 3 interested.
Philip: No, but it does involve you and me at a cabin, in the woods. You know, in addition to a sales genius, I'm also 4 an avid ski enthusiast.
Polly: And you're also 5 married. Thanks, Cheeter. Bye now.
Philip: Ouch!
1 too: 'Too' is used here as an adverb meaning 'excessive'. Philip is instructing Polly not to become 'overly' or 'excessively' excited. Note that in another context, 'too' can also mean 'as well' or 'in addition to', as in the sentence 'You like pigeons? Me too!'
2 to: 'To' is a preposition describing a direction or movement. In this context, 'to' expresses the sense of movement 'towards' a location (to a small town in Siberia).
3 too: 'Too' is used here as an adverb meaning 'excessive'. Polly is informing Philip that she is not 'very' or 'excessively' interested in Philip's proposition. Note that in another context, 'too' can also mean 'as well' or 'in addition to', as in the sentence 'You like pigeons? Me too!'
4 also: In this construction, 'also' is synonymous with the phrase 'in addition to' or 'as well as'. Philip is saying that he is a ski enthusiast 'in addition to' a sales genius. 'Also' expresses this sense of 'addition'. It is the only choice which fits this construction grammatically.
5 also: In this construction, 'also' is synonymous with the phrase 'in addition to' or 'as well as'. Polly is saying that Philip is married in addition to being a sales genius and a ski enthusiast (which he mentions in the previous line of the dialogue). 'Also' is the only choice which fits this construction grammatically.
Exercício 4
Kevin: I have much work to do this afternoon, Luna. There's just no way I can go the circus with you.
Luna: That's a shame, Kevin, because I have tickets.
Luna: That's a shame, Kevin, because I have tickets.
Kevin: I have too 1 much work to do this afternoon, Luna. There's just no way I can go to 2 the circus with you.
Luna: That's a shame, Kevin, because I have two 3 tickets.
Luna: That's a shame, Kevin, because I have two 3 tickets.
1 too: 'Too' is an adverb meaning 'excessive'. Here it describes the excessive or considerable amount of work which Kevin must finish.
1 to: As a preposition of place, 'to' indicates a movement or direction or location (to the north, to the store). It does not make sense to use it here. It can also be used to indicate possession: This pen belongs TO Icarus. 'To' cannot be used in this construction, however.
1 two: 'Two' refers to a numeral. It is inappropriate here.
2 to: As a preposition of place, 'to' indicates a movement or direction or location (to the north, to the store). Here it describes where Kevin can't go (to the circus).
2 too: 'Too' is an adverb meaning 'excessive' or 'also'. It is inappropriate here.
2 also: 'Too' can mean 'also', but in this case we must use the preposition of place 'to', which tells us where Kevin is going.
3 two: 'Two' is the best choice here. It refers to the number of tickets Luna has for the circus.
3 too: 'Too' is an adverb meaning 'excessive' or 'also'. It is inappropriate here.
3 to: As a preposition of place, 'to' indicates a movement or direction or location (to the north, to the store). It is inappropriate here because we must use a numeral.
Exercício 5
Memo To The Staff: Bruno will be on vacation the 25th of October the 4th of November. He has already finished all his preparations. He will be leaving directly the offices on the morning of the 25th. Please make a note of this absence.
Memo To The Staff: Bruno will be on vacation from 1 the 25th of October to 2 the 4th of November. He has already finished all of 3 his preparations. He will be leaving directly from 4 the offices on the morning of the 25th. Please make a note of this absence.
1 from: This is the best choice here. We often use 'from' to show the moment of origin in time.
1 to: Because 'to' typically indicates result, we cannot use it here.
1 of: 'Of' is grammatically incorrect here. 'Of' is usually used to indicate possession.
1 with: Unless Bruno is going to be accompanied by the '25th of October', 'with' does not make sense here.
2 to: This is the best choice here. We use 'to' to show the end or conclusion of a period of time.
2 from: Because 'from' typically indicates origin, we cannot use it here.
2 of: 'Of' is grammatically incorrect here. 'Of' is usually used to indicate possession.
2 with: Unless Bruno is going to be accompanied by the '4th of November', 'with' does not make sense here.
3 of: This is the best choice here. We use 'of' to indicates possession. 'All of his preparations' refers to 'Bruno's preparations'.
3 from: 'From' is grammatically incorrect here. We need a preposition to indicate possession, and 'from' cannot be used in this way.
3 to: 'To' is grammatically incorrect here. We need a preposition to indicate possession, and 'to' cannot be used in this way.
3 with: 'With' is grammatically incorrect here. We need a preposition to indicate possession, and 'with' cannot be used in this way.
4 from: This is the best choice here. We often use 'from' to show origin in space or location.
4 to: Because 'to' typically indicates result, we cannot use it here.
4 of: 'Of' is grammatically incorrect here. 'Of' is usually used to indicate possession.
4 with: 'With' is grammatically incorrect here. 'With' is usually used to indicate correlations or accompaniments.
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