The simple past tense (preterit)
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The simple past tense (preterit)
简单过去时(主要使用的过去时态)表达完成的动作。
在动词后面加-ed来构成，如果此动词为规则动词:
在动词后面加-ed来构成，如果此动词为规则动词:
I washed the floor yesterday. 我昨天刷了地板。
He talked to Horatio two hours ago. 两个小时前他跟霍雷肖说话了。
如果动词为不规则，你需要记住简单过去时和过去分词的形式！
某些常用的不规则动词:
Yesterday I found money on the floor. (to find) 昨天我在地板上找到了钱。
Susie went to England last week. (to go) 苏西上周去了英格兰。
We got up at 6 this morning. (to get) 今天早上我们六点起床了。
Bruno came earlier. (to come) 布鲁诺早点来了。
-Where did you buy this book? -I bought it on the internet. (to buy) 你在哪儿买的这本书？ -我在网上买的这本书。
练习 1
Put the irregular verbs below into their proper past tense forms.
Yesterday, Philip and Kevin to a pub and all night. That night, neither of them very well, because they both very ill.
Yesterday, Philip and Kevin to a pub and all night. That night, neither of them very well, because they both very ill.
Put the irregular verbs below into their proper past tense forms.
Yesterday, Philip and Kevin [not done] went 1 to a pub and [not done] drank 2 all night. That night, neither of them [not done] slept 3 very well, because they both [not done] felt 4 very ill.
Yesterday, Philip and Kevin [not done] went 1 to a pub and [not done] drank 2 all night. That night, neither of them [not done] slept 3 very well, because they both [not done] felt 4 very ill.
1 went: The verb 'to go' is irregular. We must put the verb in the past tense, as indicated by the term 'yesterday'. To go: go/went/gone.
2 drank: The verb 'to drink' is irregular. We must put the verb in the past tense, as indicated by the term 'yesterday'. To drink: drink/drank/drunk.
3 slept: The verb 'to sleep' is irregular. We must put the verb in the past tense as indicated by the phrase 'that night' which refers to a past tense time period. To sleep: sleep/slept/slept.
4 felt: We need the preterit form of the verb 'to feel' here. Be careful, because the verb 'to feel' is irregular: feel/felt/felt.
练习 2
Last night, Luna DeLune that she to the moon in a turquoise spaceship.
Last night, Luna DeLune [not done] dreamt 1 that she [not done] was flying 2 to the moon in a turquoise spaceship.
1 dreamt: The verb 'to dream' can be conjugated two different ways in the past tense: 'dreamed' or 'dreamt'. Either form is acceptable in this construction. We put this verb in the past tense because of the phrase 'last night' at the beginning of the sentence.
2 was flying: The past continuous form of the verb (was flying) is acceptable here to indicate that the action of Luna's dream (flying) was continuous. Note: The past simple tense of the verb (flew) is also acceptable here. We put this verb into a past tense form because of the phrase 'last night' at the beginning of the sentence.
练习 3
Last week, Polly Watson an email to the staff to let them know that employees are no longer to run in the hallways. This decision was made to prevent people from themselves.
Last week, Polly Watson [not done] sent 1 an email to the staff to let them know that employees are no longer [not done] allowed 2 to run in the hallways. This decision was made to prevent people from [not done] hurting 3 themselves.
1 sent: The verb 'to send' is irregular. All the actions in this exercise take place in the past (last week). We must put the verb in the past tense. To send: send/sent/sent
2 allowed: 'Allowed' is the best choice here. In this sentence, the verb 'allowed' is actually used as an adjective. The past participle of the verb is used here following the conjugated verb 'are'. Other forms of the verb besides 'allowed' don't work in this construction.
3 hurting: We must use the '-ing' form of the verb in this case. 'Hurting' is used as a gerund in this construction: It is a verb form which acts as noun. The expression 'to prevent (sbdy) from (verb in ING)' is a common one, which always employs a verb in the ING form.
练习 4
Conjugate the verbs below correctly.
Every Friday, Luna DeLune a staff meeting with the rest of the managers of the company and is always on time. The meetings used to on Wednesdays, but when Luna her yoga classes last summer, she asked that the staff meetings rescheduled.
Every Friday, Luna DeLune a staff meeting with the rest of the managers of the company and is always on time. The meetings used to on Wednesdays, but when Luna her yoga classes last summer, she asked that the staff meetings rescheduled.
Conjugate the verbs below correctly.
Every Friday, Luna DeLune [not done] attends 1 a staff meeting with the rest of the managers of the company and is always on time. The meetings used to [not done] take place 2 on Wednesdays, but when Luna [not done] began 3 her yoga classes last summer, she asked that the staff meetings [not done] be 4 rescheduled.
Every Friday, Luna DeLune [not done] attends 1 a staff meeting with the rest of the managers of the company and is always on time. The meetings used to [not done] take place 2 on Wednesdays, but when Luna [not done] began 3 her yoga classes last summer, she asked that the staff meetings [not done] be 4 rescheduled.
1 attends: 'To attend' should be put in the simple present tense form. We use this tense to express the idea of a regular or repeated action: Luna attends a staff meeting every Friday.
2 take place: When followed by a verb in its infinitive form (without 'to'), 'used to' indicates a regular or habitual action in the past. Here, the expression is used to indicate that staff meetings were held or took place on Wednesdays in the past, (now they are held on Fridays).
3 began: The simple past tense is used to describe a single completed action which took place in the past. Here the phrase 'last summer' signals the need for the simple past tense. The verb 'to begin' is irregular: begin/began/begun.
4 be: 'She asked that...' is a construction which must be followed by a verb in the subjunctive present tense, (identical to the infinitive form of the verb without 'to'). We use the subjunctive present to indicate that one action is uncertain or contingent upon another, or that an action is unreal or hypothetical. Some examples of verbs which are frequently used to form the subjunctive present tense: to insist, to ask, to suggest, to require, to be necessary.
练习 5
Conjugate the verbs in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb:
Yesterday, Philip Cheeter suddenly hungry. It was almost 2:00 in the afternoon, and it seemed to him that he hadn't anything in days. He to feel that if he did not eat something soon, he was going to faint. He Kevin in his office and asked him if he wanted to go to lunch. 'No, I my wallet this morning, so I can't go,' Kevin. 'Oh, that's too bad,' Philip. 'But, if you want to pay for me, I can you the money tomorrow,' Kevin. Philip long and hard. He that Kevin would never pay him the money. But he did not like to eat alone. 'Ok,' Philip finally , 'but you can't order the most expensive dish, like you the last time'. 'Sure, sure,' Kevin. And they .
Yesterday, Philip Cheeter suddenly hungry. It was almost 2:00 in the afternoon, and it seemed to him that he hadn't anything in days. He to feel that if he did not eat something soon, he was going to faint. He Kevin in his office and asked him if he wanted to go to lunch. 'No, I my wallet this morning, so I can't go,' Kevin. 'Oh, that's too bad,' Philip. 'But, if you want to pay for me, I can you the money tomorrow,' Kevin. Philip long and hard. He that Kevin would never pay him the money. But he did not like to eat alone. 'Ok,' Philip finally , 'but you can't order the most expensive dish, like you the last time'. 'Sure, sure,' Kevin. And they .
Conjugate the verbs in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb:
Yesterday, Philip Cheeter suddenly [not done] felt 1 hungry. It was almost 2:00 in the afternoon, and it seemed to him that he hadn't [not done] eaten 2 anything in days. He [not done] began 3 to feel that if he did not eat something soon, he was going to faint. He [not done] found 4 Kevin in his office and asked him if he wanted to go to lunch. 'No, I [not done] forgot 5 my wallet this morning, so I can't go,' [not done] said 6 Kevin. 'Oh, that's too bad,' [not done] answered 7 Philip. 'But, if you want to pay for me, I can [not done] give 8 you the money tomorrow,' [not done] declared 9 Kevin. Philip [not done] thought 10 long and hard. He [not done] knew 11 that Kevin would never pay him the money. But he did not like to eat alone. 'Ok,' Philip finally [not done] responded 12, 'but you can't order the most expensive dish, like you [not done] did 13 the last time'. 'Sure, sure,' [not done] said 14 Kevin. And they [not done] left 15.
Yesterday, Philip Cheeter suddenly [not done] felt 1 hungry. It was almost 2:00 in the afternoon, and it seemed to him that he hadn't [not done] eaten 2 anything in days. He [not done] began 3 to feel that if he did not eat something soon, he was going to faint. He [not done] found 4 Kevin in his office and asked him if he wanted to go to lunch. 'No, I [not done] forgot 5 my wallet this morning, so I can't go,' [not done] said 6 Kevin. 'Oh, that's too bad,' [not done] answered 7 Philip. 'But, if you want to pay for me, I can [not done] give 8 you the money tomorrow,' [not done] declared 9 Kevin. Philip [not done] thought 10 long and hard. He [not done] knew 11 that Kevin would never pay him the money. But he did not like to eat alone. 'Ok,' Philip finally [not done] responded 12, 'but you can't order the most expensive dish, like you [not done] did 13 the last time'. 'Sure, sure,' [not done] said 14 Kevin. And they [not done] left 15.
1 felt: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to feel' needs to be put in the past simple tense (preterit). To feel: I feel / I felt / I have felt.
2 eaten: Because it is preceded by 'hadn't', 'to eat' needs to be put in the past participle form. This forms the past perfect tense. To eat: I eat / I ate / I have eaten.
3 began: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to begin' needs to be put in the preterit tense. 'To begin' is an irregular verb: I begin / I began / I have begun.
4 found: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to find' needs to be put in the preterit tense. To find: I find / I found / I have found.
5 forgot: Because we are speaking of the past (this morning), 'to forget' needs to be put in the preterit tense. To forget: I forget/ I forgot/ I have forgotten.
6 said : Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to say' needs to be put in the preterit tense. To say: I say/ I said/ I have said.
7 answered: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to answer' needs to be put in the preterit tense. 'To answer' is a regular verb.
8 give: Because it is preceded by 'can', 'to give' needs to stay in the infinitive, but we remove the 'to'. This is what happens after modal verbs like 'can', 'could', 'should' or 'must'. Examples: Bob could help you; Polly should see a doctor about that rash.
9 declared: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to declare' needs to be put in the preterit tense. 'To declare' is a regular verb.
10 thought: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to think' needs to be in the preterit tense. To think: I think/ I thought/ I have thought.
11 knew: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to know' needs to be put in the preterit tense. To know: I know/ I knew/ I have known.
12 responded: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to respond' needs to be put in the simple past tense. 'To respond' is a regular verb.
13 did : The phrase 'the last time' indicates that Kevin ordered the most expensive dish once, in the past, requiring the simple past tense form of the verb. We use the auxiliary here to replace 'ordered'. To do: I do/ I did/ I have done.
14 said: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to say' needs to be put in the preterit tense. To say: I say/ I said/ I have said.
15 left: Because we are speaking of the past (Yesterday), 'to leave' needs to be put in the preterit tense. To leave: leave/left/I have left.
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