Whose

理解语法是理解一门语言的关键。
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Whose

Whose 用来询问某个物品的从属。它是一个疑问形容词，后面跟名词:
Whose pen is this? - It's mine. 这是谁的笔？ -是我的。
Whose car did you borrow? - Kevin's. 你借了谁的车？ -凯文的。
注意 1: Whose有时用作疑问代词，特别是与be一起使用:
Whose is this? 这是谁的？
注意 2: Whose有时用作关系代词:
Our C.E.O., whose father was a dentist, has a nice smile. 我们的CEO，他的爸爸是牙医，有很漂亮的笑容。
注意 3: 我们说: Whose car is this? 但也可用Whom does this car belong to?。
练习 1
Kevin: car is in my parking space? I want it removed immediately!
Luna: are you talking about, Kevin?
Kevin: I just want to find out parked their car in my spot.
Kevin: Whose 1 car is in my parking space? I want it removed immediately!
Luna: What 2 are you talking about, Kevin?
Kevin: I just want to find out who 3 parked their car in my spot.
1 Whose: 'Whose?' is used to ask 'to whom' the car belongs, or to ask about the owner of the car. We use 'whose' to ask questions about possession.
1 Whom: 'Whom' is a formal term, not frequently used in today's English. We cannot use 'whom' to ask about possession, the term is used to ask a question about an unknown person. Generally 'whom' is used as the object in a sentence (Whom did you kill? To whom did you give your rose? or Whom will you give your prize?). 'Who' is generally used as the subject in a sentence (Who did this to you?) or less frequently as the predicate noun of a sentence (He is the one who did this to me).
1 What: 'What?' asks a general question about a subject or topic. The term cannot be used to ask about possession.
1 Who: 'Who?' is used to ask questions about identity or people. The term cannot be used to ask a question about possession. We might ask 'who bought that new car?', but we must ask 'whose car is that?'.
2 What: 'What?' is used to asked general questions. Here Luna wants to know what Kevin is talking about, and probably the reason for his initial question.
2 Who: 'Who?' is used to ask about identity. Because Kevin isn't talking about anyone specifically, it doesn't make sense to use it here.
2 Why: 'Why?' is used to ask about cause or reason. The question 'why are talk about?' is grammatically incorrect.
2 Which: 'Which?' is used to ask questions with a limited number of possible answers. We often use it to ask about choice or preference: Which of the two candidates to you support?
3 who: In this sentence, who acts as a relative pronoun, referring to the person who has parked in Kevin's spot. As a relative pronoun, 'who' replaces people.
3 whose: 'Whose', as a relative term as well as an interrogative term, always refers to possession. Kevin's sentence refers to identity, for which 'who' is used.
3 what: As a relative pronoun, 'what' replaces objects, but never people. Kevin is referring to the person who parked in his spot, not an object.
3 where: As a relative pronoun, 'where' replaces locations, but never people. Kevin is referring to the person who parked in his spot, the spot itself.
练习 2
Susie: I don't care opinion it is. Even if it were the president's opinion, I'd still disagree!
Bob: is the president these days anyway? Is it still Truman?
Susie: I don't know I even bother talking to you anymore.
Susie: I don't care whose 1 opinion it is. Even if it were the president's opinion, I'd still disagree!
Bob: Who 2 is the president these days anyway? Is it still Truman?
Susie: I don't know why 3 I even bother talking to you anymore.
1 whose: 'Whose' is used to describe 'to whom' the opinion belongs. In this sentence, 'whose' acts as a relative adjective and refers to any person who expresses a certain opinion.
1 whom: 'Whom' is a formal term, not frequently used in today's English. Both as a relative term and an interrogative one, 'whom' cannot be used to refer to or ask about possession. If Susie were referring to a person (and not to whoever possesses an opinion), she might say 'I don't care to whom the opinion belongs'
1 who: 'Who?' is used to ask questions about identity or people. As a relative pronoun, it refers to a person or someone's identity. The term cannot be used to refer to possession.
1 which: Although grammatically correct, using 'which' here doesn't agree with the second clause of this sentence. We want to know about the possession of this opinion, and not 'which' opinion we are referring to.
2 Who: 'Who?' is used to ask about identity. Bob is inquiring about the president's identity or name.
2 Whose: 'Whose?' is used to ask questions about possession, not identity.
2 What: 'What' is used to ask questions of a general nature. It can't ask a question about a person's identity.
2 Which: 'Which?' is used to ask questions with a limited number of possible answers. For example: Which President do you prefer: Truman or Eisenhower?
3 why: In this sentence, 'why' is used as a relative term to refer to the purpose, reason or cause of Susie's conversations with Bob. Susie is questioning her decision to talk to Bob as he seems lost in the conversation.
3 what: As a relative term, 'what' refers to objects or general subjects. Example: What's done is done. 'What' can't refer to the reason for an action.
3 which: As a relative term, 'which' refers to specific subjects. Example: The report which I gave you this morning must be read by this afternoon. 'Which' can't refer to the reason for an action.
3 where: As a relative term, 'where' describes a location. Example: Meet me at the restaurant where we first met. 'Where' can't refer to the reason for an action.
练习 3
Bruno: Excuse me, Polly, but I found a half-eaten pizza from two weeks ago lying on the floor in the break room. I want to know pizza that is, and I want to know now.
Polly: Very well, sir. I'll find out it belongs to and have it cleaned up within the hour.
Bruno: Excuse me, Polly, but I found a half-eaten pizza from two weeks ago lying on the floor in the break room. I want to know whose 1 pizza that is, and I want to know now.
Polly: Very well, sir. I'll find out whom 2 it belongs to and have it cleaned up within the hour.
1 whose: Because Bruno does not know the owner of the pizza, he uses 'whose' here to describe it. We use 'whose' because we do not know 'to whom' the pizza belongs.
1 who: 'Who' is used to ask questions about identity or in relative constructions. In this case we cannot use 'who' to describe 'pizza'.
1 his: Bruno cannot say 'his' here, because he does not know the gender of the owner of the pizza. 'Whose' is a neutral term, and does not indicate gender.
2 whom: We use 'whom' as a relative pronoun to indicate the owner of the pizza, who is unknown. Grammatically speaking, 'whom' is the indirect object of the verb 'to belong'. Example: -Whom does the car belong to? - The car belongs to Gary. Note that in everyday English, many native speakers use 'who' instead of 'whom', so it would also be acceptable to say 'I'll find out who it belongs to'.
2 whose: We generally don't use 'whose' with the verb 'to belong', which already indicates possession. We say 'Whose pen is this?' but 'Whom does this pen belong to?' (both mean 'Who is the owner of this pen?').
2 who's: 'Who's' (who is) can be used either as an interrogative form used to ask questions about identity, such 'Who's coming to the party?' or as a relative phrase to identify a person (I don't know who's coming to the party). It does not make sense in this case, because we must use a relative pronoun to indicate the owner of the pizza.
练习 4
In the Delavigne offices...

Brian: So, coming to the conference in New York next week?
Susie: Just you and I, I think, Brian.
Brian: In that case, ticket is this? We have three tickets in total.
Susie: Hmm, I don’t know. else replied to your email?
Brian: Nobody! How mysterious…
In the Delavigne offices...

Brian: So, who's 1 coming to the conference in New York next week?
Susie: Just you and I, I think, Brian.
Brian: In that case, whose 2 ticket is this? We have three tickets in total.
Susie: Hmm, I don’t know. Who 3 else replied to your email?
Brian: Nobody! How mysterious…
1 who's: "Who's" is a contraction of "Who is" (or, in other contexts, "Who has"). Brian uses the present progressive tense ("Who's coming?") to refer to an event planned for the near future. Another example: "Who's performing at Sellout Festival this year?".
1 whose: Be careful not to confuse "whose" and "who's", both of which are pronounced in exactly the same way! "Whose" is used to ask whom something belongs to. For example, "Whose computer is this?" means the same thing as "Whom does this computer belong to?".
1 who: We can't use "who" (or a noun or pronoun) immediately before a verb in the "-ing" form. We need to add the verb "to be" in order to form the present progressive tense. Example: "-Who is making that noise? -Jean is snoring, if that's what you mean".
2 whose: "Whose ticket is this?" has the same meaning as "Whom does this ticket belong to?" or "Who is the owner of this ticket?". Brian wants to know whom the ticket is intended for. Another example: "-Whose hat is this? -I think that's Jeremy's. He must have left it behind at the party".
2 who's: "Who's" is a contraction of "Who is", which doesn't make sense here: we can't say "Who is ticket is this?". We might say "Who's the owner of this ticket?".
2 who: We can't use the question word "who" immediately before a noun like "ticket". "Who" is most often immediately followed by a verb, for example: "Who owns this ticket?" or "Who wants the rest of my ice cream?".
3 Who: "Who else" means "Which other person". Susie is asking which other person replied to Brian's email. Another example: "Who else knows the location of the secret key?".
3 Who's: "Who's" is a contraction of "Who is" or "Who has". We don't use it immediately before the word "else". An example from a famous fairytale: "Who's been eating my porridge?".
3 Whose: "Whose" is used to refer to possession, and this sentence is not about possession. As a general rule, "whose" is followed by a noun. For example: "Whose guitar is this?".
练习 5
At a conference in New York...

Susie: Brian, look! There’s an extra name badge here has the Delavigne logo on the back!
Brian: name is written on the front?
Susie: It says “Philip Cheeter”! But he’s not here...
A voice: Hey, losers!
Brian: that speaking? Surely not...
Susie: Philip! How did you get here?
Philip: I have my ways.
At a conference in New York...

Susie: Brian, look! There’s an extra name badge here which 1 has the Delavigne logo on the back!
Brian: Whose 2 name is written on the front?
Susie: It says “Philip Cheeter”! But he’s not here...
A voice: Hey, losers!
Brian: Who's 3 that speaking? Surely not...
Susie: Philip! How did you get here?
Philip: I have my ways.
1 which: "Which" is used as a pronoun. Here it tells us that the noun previously mentioned ("name badge") is the subject of the next verb ("has"). Another example: "On the ground, there was a gun which had clearly been fired recently".
1 who: "Who" can only refer to people, not objects like a "name badge". Example: "This is the boy who insulted me in the street yesterday".
1 whose: "Whose" is used to refer to possession. As a general rule, it is followed by a noun, not a verb like "has". For example: "This is the boy whose father went to school with me".
2 Whose: "Whose name is written on the front?" has the same meaning as "Which person's name is written on the front?". "Whose" is used to ask about the owner or possessor of something (here, a name). Another example: "-Whose job is it to clean the windows?" (Which person has the job of cleaning the windows?).
2 Who's: "Who's" is a contraction of "Who is" which doesn't make sense here: we can't say "Who is name is written?". We might say "Who's the badge intended for?" (a contraction of "Who is the badge intended for?").
2 Who: We can't use the question word "who" immediately before a noun like "name". "Who" is most often immediately followed by a verb, for example: "Who told you about the secret handshake?".
3 Who's: "Who's that?" is a common question used to ask about the identity of someone who can currently be seen or heard. "Who's" is a contraction of "Who is" (or, in other contexts, "Who has"). Example: "Who's that sitting in our living room?!".
3 Whose: Be careful not to confuse "whose" and "who's", both of which are pronounced in exactly the same way! "Whose" is used to ask whom something belongs to. Brian might say "Whose voice is that?", meaning "Whom does that voice belong to?".
3 Who: We can't say "Who that" in English. We need to add the verb "to be" here in order to form the present progressive tense (which uses the "-ing" form of the verb, "speaking"). Example: "-Who is that eating my birthday cake?!".

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