All und none auf Englisch - erläutertung und übersetzung
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All und none
• All: alle
We all live in a yellow submarine. Wir leben alle in einem gelben U-Boot.(Lied der Beatles)
All the good men I know are married. Alle guten Männer, die ich kenne, sind verheiratet.
All the good men I know are married. Alle guten Männer, die ich kenne, sind verheiratet.
• None (keiner), wird oft von einem of gefolgt:
None of them spoke English. Keiner von ihnen sprach Englisch.
I looked for a baby-sitter, but there were none available. Ich habe nach einem Babysitter gesucht, aber keiner stand zur Verfügung.
I looked for a baby-sitter, but there were none available. Ich habe nach einem Babysitter gesucht, aber keiner stand zur Verfügung.
Übung 1
Polly: Alright everybody, I'm going to the store. Does anyone need ?
Luna: Can you pick up herbal tea? There's left in the kitchen.
Kevin: the napkins are gone too, can you buy more? I don't have money, but I'll pay you back tomorrow, I promise.
Luna: Can you pick up herbal tea? There's left in the kitchen.
Kevin: the napkins are gone too, can you buy more? I don't have money, but I'll pay you back tomorrow, I promise.
Polly: Alright everybody, I'm going to the store. Does anyone need anything 1?
Luna: Can you pick up some 2 herbal tea? There's none 3 left in the kitchen.
Kevin: All 4 the napkins are gone too, can you buy more? I don't have any 5 money, but I'll pay you back tomorrow, I promise.
Luna: Can you pick up some 2 herbal tea? There's none 3 left in the kitchen.
Kevin: All 4 the napkins are gone too, can you buy more? I don't have any 5 money, but I'll pay you back tomorrow, I promise.
1 anything: In an interrogative construction such as this one, we use the pronoun 'anything' to indicate any item which anybody in the office might need. We use 'anything' in interrogative questions when we are unsure of the possible response.
1 something: We cannot use 'something' in an interrogative construction such as this one.
1 nothing: The term 'nothing' generally isn't used in interrogative constructions in English. The question 'does anyone need nothing?' is very unnatural, and actually asks if someone needs 'nothing'.
2 some: We use 'some' to describe uncountable nouns in interrogative constructions such as this one. Note that 'some' is used in interrogative constructions when a positive answer is supposed.
2 any: Although 'any' is often used in questions, we cannot use the term here because Luna's question supposes a positive reply. 'Any' is generally used in questions when the answer to the question is truly unknown. In other words, Luna expects Polly to buy some tea. Asking the question 'Can you pick up any tea?' is very unnatural, and indicates that Luna is unsure that Polly will buy her tea or that she will even find tea at the store.
2 no: Using 'no' in this construction doesn't make any sense.
3 none: 'None' is the best choice here. 'None' replaces the noun 'tea' ('herbal tea', to be exact). 'None' indicates that there is no herbal tea in the kitchen.
3 some: Luna asks Polly to buy some more tea, because there is 'none' left in the kitchen. It wouldn't make sense for Luna to ask Polly to buy more tea when there is still tea in the kitchen!
3 no: We cannot use 'no' here because the sentence requires a pronoun and not an adjective. We could say that there is 'no tea left in the kitchen' but we cannot say that there is 'no left in the kitchen'.
4 All: 'All' is the best choice here. 'All the napkins are gone' indicates that there are 'no napkins remaining'. Napkins are used to clean one's hands and face while eating. They can be made of fabric or paper.
4 Some: We cannot use 'some' without the preposition 'of' following it. We could say 'some of the napkins are gone', but this choice was not offered.
4 None: 'None' cannot be used in a construction such as this one. We could say 'none of the napkins are gone, which would indicate that 'all the napkins are still in the kitchen'. However this would actually express the opposite meaning of the sentence.
5 any: Because 'don't' already carries the negation of the phrase, we must use 'any'.
5 no: 'I don't have no money' forms a double negative, which is generally grammatically incorrect in English.
5 some: In negative constructions such as this one, 'any' is used rather than 'some'. 'Any' is the equivalent of 'some' in negative constructions.
Übung 2
Unfortunately, Icarus doesn't have to eat dinner with this weekend, so he will probably stay home and do of his accounting work. of his friends are out of town on business, so Icarus is feeling lonely.
Unfortunately, Icarus doesn't have anyone 1 to eat dinner with this weekend, so he will probably stay home and do some 2 of his accounting work. All 3 of his friends are out of town on business, so Icarus is feeling lonely.
1 anyone: We use 'anyone' here because the term 'doesn't' carries the negation in the sentence. We must use the affirmative pronoun 'anyone' to complete the construction correctly. 'Anyone' here actually refers to 'nobody' being willing to eat dinner with Icarus. 'Anyone' is used in negative constructions and interrogative constructions where we are unsure of the answer.
1 someone: We cannot use 'someone' here because of the negation in the sentence. 'Someone' (like 'some') is not used in negative constructions such as this one. 'Doesn't' carries the negation of this sentence, and so the affirmative term 'any' is required. We can use 'someone' in interrogative constructions where an answer is anticipated. For example, the question 'Won't someone help me with my work?' suggests that the speaker anticipates one person being willing to help them.
1 no one: Using 'no one' creates a double negative in this sentence, which grammatically incorrect in English. 'Doesn't' carries the negation in this sentence, which means that we must use the affirmative pronoun 'anyone' here.
1 everyone: 'Everyone' doesn't fit in this sentence. Although 'everyone' is conjugated as if it were a singular noun, it indicates multiple people.
2 some: In affirmative constructions like this, we use 'some' to describe an undefined portion (an indefinite amount) of Icarus's work. 'Some' is used here to describe an unknown quantity.
2 any: We cannot use 'any' in this construction, because the sentence does not carry any negation. We must use 'some', which is the negative equivalent of 'any'. 'Any' is used only in negative constructions, or in interrogative corrections when the answer is unknown.
2 none: Although 'none' is grammatically correct in this sentence, it makes no sense to use it here. 'None' indicates the absence of something, and given the context of the sentence it doesn't belong here. Icarus would not decide to do 'none' of his accounting work if his friends weren't around.
3 All: Because 'nobody' carries the negation of the sentence, we use 'all' because we need an affirmative pronoun to correctly complete the construction. 'All' indicates the number of Icarus's friends who are out of town.
3 None: It doesn't make sense to use 'none' here, given the context of the sentence. Icarus would have no reason to feel lonely if 'none' of his friends were out of town.
3 Every: The term 'every' is generally followed by a noun or pronoun. It is grammatically incorrect to say 'every of his friends'. However, we might say 'Each of his friends is out of town', if we were referring to a relatively small number of people.
Übung 3
Since we have not yet told about our newest product, of our clients have been able to offer us their opinions.
Since we have not yet told anyone 1 about our newest product, none 2 of our clients have been able to offer us their opinions.
1 anyone: Because 'not' carries the negation of the sentence, we use the affirmative term 'anyone' here to indicate that 'no one' has been told about the product. 'Anyone' is the affirmative equivalent of 'someone' and is used in negative constructions such as this one.
1 someone: We do not use 'someone' in negative constructions such as this. When a question carries negation, we must use an affirmative term (anyone) to correctly complete the question. Using 'someone' in this sentence would indicate that the speaker (or the company) hasn't told one particular person about the product, which doesn't make sense given the context here.
1 no one: Using 'no one' in this construction creates a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect in English. 'Has not' already carries the negation of this sentence.
2 none: 'None' is the best choice here. The 'clients' do not know about the product, so they cannot possibly offer their opinions. 'None' is used to describe the absence of a quantity or amount, it is generally used as pronoun to replace an object or objects in a sentence.
2 all: Using 'all' here does not make sense given the negation of the previous clause in the sentence. Because we know that the company 'has not' announced their new product, it would be impossible for them to offer their opinions.
2 every: The term 'every' is generally followed by a noun or pronoun. It is grammatically incorrect to say 'every of our clients'. However, we might say 'Every one of our clients'.
Übung 4
of Kevin's comic books were stolen last week. He promised himself he wouldn't shed tears (he would not cry). But when Philip came to comfort him, of Kevin's pride had left him, and he cried like a child.
All 1 of Kevin's comic books were stolen last week. He promised himself he wouldn't shed any 2 tears (he would not cry). But when Philip came to comfort him, all 3 of Kevin's pride had left him, and he cried like a child.
1 All: 'All' is the best choice here. It tells us 'how many' comic books were stolen from Kevin. 'All' represents the total number of Kevin's comic books.
1 Any: 'Any' is grammatically incorrect here. 'Any' is primarily used in interrogative and negative constructions and it cannot be used in this affirmative construction to represent a number of Kevin's comic books. However, we could say that 'Kevin doesn't have any comic books, because they were stolen'.
1 Much: We only use 'much' to qualify uncountable nouns. Because 'comic books' is a countable noun, we cannot use 'much' to describe it.
2 any: Because 'wouldn't' carries the negation of the sentence, we use 'any' here to express that Kevin 'will not cry', or that he 'will not shed tears'. 'Any' is primarily used in interrogative or negative sentences (such as this one) to indicate the absence or lack of something ('tears' in this case). A 'tear' is a drop of water secreted from the eye (the tear duct, to be exact) due to irritation or emotion. 'To shed a tear' is to cry.
2 none: We cannot use 'none' in this case because 'wouldn't' carries the negation of the sentence. Using 'none' here would create a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
2 all: 'All' is usually used to indicate the total or number of something and is rarely used in negative constructions such as this one. In this case, we use 'any' to indicate the absence of tears 'shed' by Kevin. In other words, we are trying to indicate that Kevin did not cry.
2 no: We cannot use 'no' in this case because 'wouldn't' carries the negation of the sentence. Using 'no' here would create a double negative, which is grammatically incorrect.
3 all: 'All' is the best choice here. 'All' is usually used to indicate the total, the quantity or amount of something. In this case, we are indicating that 'all' of Kevin's pride disappeared. It tells us 'how much' pride left Kevin.
3 none: While 'none' is grammatically correct here, it doesn't make sense within the context of the phrase. If Kevin's pride had 'not' left him, he would 'not' have cried.
3 any: 'Any' is grammatically incorrect here because we are talking about 'how much' pride Kevin has lost. 'Any' cannot be used to describe a 'portion' or part of Kevin's pride. However, we could say 'After crying, Kevin did not have any pride left', although this sentence is rather awkward.
Übung 5
Icarus: Excuse me, Robert, do you have staples left?
Bob: Icarus, how many times do I have to tell you? Call me Bob.
Icarus: Excuse me, Bob, but my staples are gone. I was hoping to borrow from you.
Bob: Sure thing, Quincy. Here's a whole box.
Bob: Icarus, how many times do I have to tell you? Call me Bob.
Icarus: Excuse me, Bob, but my staples are gone. I was hoping to borrow from you.
Bob: Sure thing, Quincy. Here's a whole box.
Icarus: Excuse me, Robert, do you have any 1 staples left?
Bob: Icarus, how many times do I have to tell you? Call me Bob.
Icarus: Excuse me, Bob, but all 2 my staples are gone. I was hoping to borrow some 3 from you.
Bob: Sure thing, Quincy. Here's a whole box.
Bob: Icarus, how many times do I have to tell you? Call me Bob.
Icarus: Excuse me, Bob, but all 2 my staples are gone. I was hoping to borrow some 3 from you.
Bob: Sure thing, Quincy. Here's a whole box.
1 any: 'Any' is primarily used in negative or interrogative constructions (such as this one). Here 'any' indicates staples which Bob may or may not have. We use 'any' in questions when we are unsure of the possible response.
1 none: 'None' is grammatically incorrect and does not make any sense here. 'None' is not usually used in interrogative constructions such as this one.
1 all: 'All' cannot be used immediately before the noun 'staples' in this sentence. If Icarus and Bob both knew what specific staples were being referred to, Icarus could say 'all the staples' here, or more naturally, 'all your staples'. However, Icarus is more likely to ask Bob if he has 'any staples' left here, because Icarus doesn't appear to know whether Bob has staples or not.
2 all: 'All' is the best choice here. It indicates that Icarus has 'no more staples' because 'all' his staples are used or gone. 'All' represents the total number of staples. Note that 'all' can be followed by the preposition 'of' OR directly by a subject or object, as it is in this case. For example: Please transfer all my calls, or please transfer all of my calls.
2 some: 'Some' does not belong in this construction. In cases where 'some' indicates an amount or quantity of something, it is almost always followed by the preposition 'of'. For example Icarus might say, 'some of my staples are gone'. Note that this is just a general rule, and that 'some' can be followed by nouns (usually uncountable) without the preposition 'of': some time, some beer, some relief.
2 any: 'Any' is grammatically incorrect in this sentence. 'Any' is usually used in interrogative or negative constructions to indicate the 'absence' of something. It is the negative equivalent of 'some'.
3 some: Because the sentence is affirmative, 'some' is the appropriate word to describe a quantity of staples. 'Some' is actually working as a pronoun to replace the noun 'staples', introduced in the previous clause of the sentence.
3 any: 'Any' is grammatically incorrect in this sentence. 'Any' is usually used in interrogative or negative constructions to indicate the 'absence' of something. It is the negative equivalent of 'some'.
3 all: 'All' does not make sense here because it cannot precede the preposition 'from' in this construction. To borrow 'all from you' is grammatically incorrect. However, we could say 'I need to borrow all of your staples'.
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