Das Present Perfect auf Englisch - erläutertung und übersetzung
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Das Present Perfect
Bildung des Present Perfects: Hilfsverb have + Partizip Perfekt.
I have lost my keys. Ich habe meine Schlüssel verloren.
Bruno has decided to take a break. Bruno hat sich entschlossen, eine Pause einzulegen.
Die Handlung abgeschlossen ist und das Resultat der Handlung noch in der Gegenwart wichtig ist:
He's (oder He has) done his work. Er hat seine Arbeit gemacht.
Man verwendet das Present Perfect, wenn:
• eine Handlung, zu einem unbestimmten Zeitpunkt in der Vergangenheit stattgefunden hat
• eine Handlung, die in der Vergangenheit begonnen hat, aber in der Gegenwart fortgesetzt wird
I haven't seen him lately. Ich habe ihn in letzter Zeit nicht gesehen.
Everything has been alright so far. Alles ist soweit in Ordnung gewesen.
Das Present Perfect wird auch oft mit der Progressive-Form verwendet:
-How long have you been living in San Francisco? -I have been living here for 10 years (or since 1999) -Seit wann leben Sie in San Francisco? -Ich lebe hier seit 10 Jahren (oder seit 1999).
Anmerkung: Adverbien (wie never,always...) werden immer zwischen dem Hilfsverb und dem Partizip Perfekt eingesetzt:
I have never been to San Francisco. Ich bin noch nie in San Francisco gewesen.
Susie has always dreamed of working in PR. Susie hat schon immer davon geträumt, im Bereich Öffentlichkeitsarbeit zu arbeiten.
Übung 1
Icarus Quincy has always to be free on the weekends.
Icarus Quincy has always been known to be free on the weekends.
been known: 'Has been known' is the present perfect, passive form of the verb 'to know'. The passive voice is used when a subject or object (Icarus) receives the action of the verb (knowing). Note, the people who perform the action - 'the knowing' - is only implied in this passive construction and not actually written. 'Icarus Quincy has always been known (by everyone in the office) to be free on the weekends' expresses that it is public knowledge that Icarus doesn't usually have plans for the weekend.
know: 'Know' is the present tense form of 'to know'. In this sentence, we must put the verb in the passive voice: 'has been known.'
to know: 'To know' is the infinitive form of the verb. In this sentence, we must put the verb in the passive voice: 'has been known.'
known: In this sentence, we must put the verb in the passive voice: 'has been known.'
Übung 2
Since last month, Ivana Bümbüm's latest film by millions. So far, the reviews have been very positive.
Since last month, Ivana Bümbüm's latest film has been seen by millions. So far, the reviews have been very positive.
has been seen: The passive voice is best for this phrase, as it employs a noun (the film) receiving the action of the verb "to see".
sees: We cannot use the active voice here because the film does not see, but rather it has been seen by many people.
is seen: Although this is a passive form of the verb, we must put the auxiliary in the correct tense because of the phrase 'since last month'.
Übung 3
I trying to reach Bruno all day, but he always so busy. I remember when we best friends, but now that his business so huge, he never free.
I have been 1 trying to reach Bruno all day, but he is 2 always so busy. I remember when we were 3 best friends, but now that his business is 4 so huge, he is 5 never free.
1 have been: We use the present perfect form of 'to be' (I have been) to show a continuous action from past to present (the present perfect progressive tense). Using this tense here tells us that the speaker has been continuously trying to reach Bruno for a while and continues to try to do so.
1 am: The present progressive form (I am trying) only shows a current state or action. It cannot indicate an action which began in the past and continues into the present.
2 is: We must conjugate the verb 'to be' in the present tense here in order to show a habitual state or action.
2 be: Unless you are reading Shakespeare, you will not be using the infinitive form 'be' following the pronoun 'he'.
3 were: Because the context refers to a past state, we must use the past tense form of the verb here.
3 are: 'Are' is a present tense form of the verb 'to be'. It cannot indicate a past tense action.
4 is: The word 'now' tells us that we need to use the present form of the verb 'to be'.
4 was: 'Was' is the past tense of the verb 'to be'. It cannot be used here because this phrase requires a present tense of the form of the verb.
5 is: 'Is' is the best choice here. We need the third-person form of the verb 'to be' in this case.
5 are: 'Are' is the present tense form of the verb 'to be' in the 'you', 'we' and 'they' forms.
Übung 4
Horatio locked up in his laboratory for over 48 hours. Bruno is worried that he insane. And Kevin up and down the hallway, afraid that Horatio is planning a voodoo curse.
Horatio has been 1 locked up in his laboratory for over 48 hours. Bruno is worried that he has gone 2 insane. And Kevin has been walking 3 up and down the hallway, afraid that Horatio is planning a voodoo curse.
1 has been: We can use the present perfect (have + past participle) to show an action that has not yet concluded. This sentence indicates that Horatio continues to be locked in his laboratory.
1 have been: 'Have been' is the present perfect form in all tenses except the third person singular.
2 has gone: We may use the present perfect (have + past participle) to emphasize an action that has already happened.
2 will have gone: We can only use the construction 'will have' when referring to a future event.
3 has been walking: Because Kevin's action is continuous, we must use the 'ing' form of the verb.
3 has been walked: 'Has been walked' is grammatically incorrect and is not a proper verb construction.
Übung 5
Nobody anything from our lawyers for over two weeks.
Nobody has heard anything from our lawyers for over two weeks.
has heard: We use the present perfect (have + past participle) to show an action that has not yet concluded.
was hearing: 'Was hearing' can only express a past completed action. It does not make sense to use it here.
hears: 'Hears' is a present tense form of the verb 'to hear'. It does not agree with the time frame of this phrase.
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