Is to do (something) auf Englisch - erläutertung und übersetzung
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Is to do (something)
Be und ein Infinitiv mit to drückt eine Handlung aus, die (zukünftig) stattfinden soll:
• Eine vorgesehene, geplante Handlung:
• Eine vorgesehene, geplante Handlung:
Polly is to attend the conference in Bruno's place. Polly soll an Brunos Stelle an der Konferenz teilnehmen.
The Prime Minister is to arrive today in Tokyo. Der Premierminister wird heute in Tokio ankommen.
To whom is this letter to be sent? An wen soll dieser Brief geschickt werden?
• Eine vorgeschriebene Handlung:
Rooms are to be left before 11 AM. Die Zimmer müssen vor 11 Uhr verlassen werden.
You are not to walk on the lawn. Das Betreten der Gartenanlage ist verboten.
Anmerkung:
• Im Passiv (is to be done...) kann dieser Ausdruck eine ähnliche Bedeutung wie can oder could haben:
How is this work to be finished in time? Wie kann diese Arbeit pünktlich erledigt werden?
• Ähnlicher Ausdruck: Be due to
The Prime Minister is to arrive today. = The Prime Minister is due to arrive today.
Übung 1
Polly: Let's make this quick Icarus, I giving you 30 seconds to speak, because I meet Bruno in a few minutes.
Icarus: That's quite generous Polly but I will only need 23 seconds.
Icarus: That's quite generous Polly but I will only need 23 seconds.
Polly: Let's make this quick Icarus, I am 1 giving you 30 seconds to speak, because I am to 2 meet Bruno in a few minutes.
Icarus: That's quite generous Polly but I will only need 23 seconds.
Icarus: That's quite generous Polly but I will only need 23 seconds.
1 am: This is the best choice here. Polly uses the present progressive tense form of the verb to tell Icarus that he has 30 seconds to speak in the immediate future.
1 am to: Because the verb 'to give' is in the 'ing' form, we cannot use the 'be + infinitive' construction here.
2 am to: This is the best choice here. Polly says she 'is to meet' Bruno which expresses that she is obliged to meet with Bruno in the near future.
2 am: We cannot use 'am' here by itself because it is followed by the infinitive form of the verb 'to meet'. However, we could say 'I am meeting Bruno in a few minutes'.
Übung 2
Polly: What's on your mind Icarus?
Icarus: I need more ink for the printer, if I'm those earnings reports--
Polly: Listen, Icarus, this conversation wonderful. Really, very informative. We'll talk again later.
Icarus: I need more ink for the printer, if I'm those earnings reports--
Polly: Listen, Icarus, this conversation wonderful. Really, very informative. We'll talk again later.
Polly: What's on your mind Icarus?
Icarus: I need more ink for the printer, if I'm to print 1 those earnings reports--
Polly: Listen, Icarus, this conversation has been 2 wonderful. Really, very informative. We'll talk again later.
Icarus: I need more ink for the printer, if I'm to print 1 those earnings reports--
Polly: Listen, Icarus, this conversation has been 2 wonderful. Really, very informative. We'll talk again later.
1 to print: 'To print' is the best choice here. I'm to print = I must print or I am supposed to print. The 'be + infinitive' form expresses obligation or necessity. Example: If I'm to be at the meeting at 9:00 AM, I should wake up at 7:30.
1 printing: We cannot use a conjugated form of the verb to print here, because it implies that Icarus is currently printing the reports, as he is speaking to Polly. We must use a conditional construction here, using the 'be + infinitive' form.
2 has been: This is the best choice here. Polly is ending her dialogue with Icarus, and so she uses the present perfect tense.
2 is to be: There is no need to use the 'be + infinitive form' here, although it is grammatically correct. Because Polly is ending her conversation with Icarus, she would not refer to it as a future event.
Übung 3
Luna: Hey Polly, do you know when Bruno's flight to arrive? I made him a special soup which will rejuvenate his depleted chakra energy.
Polly: I'm not exactly sure when his plane land. He to call me as soon as he arrives. Would you like me to give him a message for you?
Luna: Just tell him that someone cares about balancing his energy.
Polly: Will do.
Polly: I'm not exactly sure when his plane land. He to call me as soon as he arrives. Would you like me to give him a message for you?
Luna: Just tell him that someone cares about balancing his energy.
Polly: Will do.
Luna: Hey Polly, do you know when Bruno's flight is 1 to arrive? I made him a special soup which will rejuvenate his depleted chakra energy.
Polly: I'm not exactly sure when his plane will 2 land. He is 3 to call me as soon as he arrives. Would you like me to give him a message for you?
Luna: Just tell him that someone cares about balancing his energy.
Polly: Will do.
Polly: I'm not exactly sure when his plane will 2 land. He is 3 to call me as soon as he arrives. Would you like me to give him a message for you?
Luna: Just tell him that someone cares about balancing his energy.
Polly: Will do.
1 is: This is correct. The 'be + infinitive verb' construction expresses a future action which is likely to occur. In this case, Bruno's flight is 'due' or 'scheduled' to arrive tonight.
1 will: We cannot use the auxiliary 'will' here because of the infinitive form of the verb 'to arrive' follows it. This construction is grammatically incorrect. However, we could say 'When will Bruno's flight arrive?'
1 goes: We cannot use 'goes' here because the construction requires the verb 'to be' and not 'to go'. However we could say 'When is Bruno's flight 'going to arrive?'
2 will: This is the correct choice. We must use the auxiliary 'will' here because the verb 'land' is in the infinitive form (without the 'to').
2 is: We cannot use the 'be + infinitive verb' construction here because it requires that an infinitive verb, with 'to', follow it. For example, we could say 'Bruno's flight is to land tonight'.
3 is: This is the best choice here. The 'be + infinitive verb' construction expresses a future action which is expected to occur. In this case, Bruno is supposed to call Polly as soon as he lands.
3 supposed: We cannot use 'supposed' without a form of the verb 'to be' preceding it. We could say, however, Bruno is supposed to call me as soon as he arrives.
Übung 4
Replace the words in bold with an equivalent phrase without changing the meaning of each sentence.
Bruno said that we are to stay in the office until we receive more information. → Bruno said that we stay in the office until we receive more information.
Luna is to meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby. → Luna meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby.
How is this mistake to be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences? → How this mistake be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences?
Bruno said that we are to stay in the office until we receive more information. → Bruno said that we stay in the office until we receive more information.
Luna is to meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby. → Luna meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby.
How is this mistake to be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences? → How this mistake be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences?
Replace the words in bold with an equivalent phrase without changing the meaning of each sentence.
Bruno said that we are to stay in the office until we receive more information. → Bruno said that we must 1 stay in the office until we receive more information.
Luna is to meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby. → Luna is due to 2 meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby.
How is this mistake to be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences? → How can 3 this mistake be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences?
Bruno said that we are to stay in the office until we receive more information. → Bruno said that we must 1 stay in the office until we receive more information.
Luna is to meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby. → Luna is due to 2 meet the first interviewee at 10am in the lobby.
How is this mistake to be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences? → How can 3 this mistake be explained to our shareholders without negative consequences?
1 must: In this context, "we are to" expresses an instruction. Bruno has instructed "us" to stay in the office: in other words, we must stay in the office. Another example: "Now, members of the jury, you are to retire and discuss your verdict".
1 can: "Are to" (in the active voice) cannot express "can", or the ability to do something. However, it can express "can" in the passive voice. For example: "How is Philip to arrive on time if there are no trains running?" (How can Philip arrive on time if there are no trains running?).
1 will: This is not the intended meaning of "are to" in this context. The speaker is not talking about an action which is scheduled, but rather one that is imposed or compulsory. In another context, "are to" could have a similar meaning to "will", for example: "Our clients are to arrive at 3pm".
2 is due to: In this sentence, which focuses on a particular time, "is to" expresses an action which is scheduled and expected. Therefore, it has a similar meaning to "is due to". Another example: "Trading is (due) to close at 9pm today".
2 is likely to: It is not just likely that Luna will meet the interviewee at 10am in the lobby. The use of the phrase "is to meet" tells us that this action is expected to happen. If something is likely, then there is a relatively high probability of it happening, but it is not certain to happen.
2 is sure to: The speaker is not talking about probability in this sentence. If we say that something is "sure to" happen, then we are certain (or almost certain) that it will happen. For example: "The meeting is sure to finish before 4pm".
3 can: The past participle "explained" indicates that this sentence is in the passive voice. When "is to" is used in the passive voice (especially in a question), it refers to how something can (or could) be done. Another example: "How are we to know if Horatio is busy or not without knocking on his door?".
3 does: Using "does" here is grammatically incorrect. We cannot use the auxiliary verb "do" with the main verb "be". We could say: "How is this mistake explained (normally)?" or "How will this mistake be explained?".
3 has: Using "has" here is grammatically incorrect. "Has" is used with the past participle of the verb to form the present perfect tense. We could say: "How has this kind of mistake been explained in the past?", but note that this would be a question about the past, not the future.
Übung 5
Replace the words in bold with an equivalent phrase without changing the meaning of each sentence.
How is our charity to survive this funding crisis? → How our charity survive this funding crisis?
The parents are to arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm. → The parents arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm.
You are to submit your application before 1 July. → You submit your application before 1 July.
How is our charity to survive this funding crisis? → How our charity survive this funding crisis?
The parents are to arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm. → The parents arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm.
You are to submit your application before 1 July. → You submit your application before 1 July.
Replace the words in bold with an equivalent phrase without changing the meaning of each sentence.
How is our charity to survive this funding crisis? → How can 1 our charity survive this funding crisis?
The parents are to arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm. → The parents are due to 2 arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm.
You are to submit your application before 1 July. → You must 3 submit your application before 1 July.
How is our charity to survive this funding crisis? → How can 1 our charity survive this funding crisis?
The parents are to arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm. → The parents are due to 2 arrive at the school for parents’ night at 7pm.
You are to submit your application before 1 July. → You must 3 submit your application before 1 July.
1 can: When "is to" is used in a question, it often refers to how something can (or could) be done. Another example: "How is this meal to be cooked in time for the guests' arrival?".
1 did: "How did our charity survive this funding crisis?" is a question about the past. "How is our charity to survive this funding crisis?" is a question about the future: about how the charity can survive in the future. The two sentences don't have equivalent meanings.
1 has: Using "has" here is grammatically incorrect. "Has" is used with the past participle of the verb to form the present perfect tense. We could say: "How has our charity survived this funding crisis?", but note that this would be a question about the past, not the future.
2 are due to: In this sentence, which focuses on a particular time, "are to" expresses an action which is scheduled and expected. Therefore, it has a similar meaning to "are due to". Another example: "The new furniture is (due) to arrive today".
2 are likely to: It is not just likely that the parents will arrive at the school at 7pm.. The use of the phrase "are to arrive" tells us that this action is expected to happen. If something is likely, then there is a relatively high probability of it happening, but it is not certain to happen.
2 are able to: The parents are not just able to arrive at the school at 7pm. The use of the phrase "are to arrive" tells us that this action is expected to happen. We are talking about a scheduled action, not one which someone is capable of. Example: "Are you able to attend our punctuality training next week?".
3 must: The use of the preposition "before" in this sentence implies a deadline. Therefore, we can conclude that it is crucial or imperative to submit the application before 1 July: applicants must do this. Another example: "You are to report any form of harassment to your HR manager. This is company policy and you must comply".
3 will: "You will" is a simple statement about what "you" are going to do in the future. For example: "Don't worry, you will get a promotion soon!". The speaker in our sentence is giving an instruction, not a prediction.
3 might: "You might" introduces an action which could possibly happen. For example: "You might be cold if you don't bring a jacket". The speaker in our sentence is giving an instruction, not talking about possibility.
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