Indicative Present (simple): Bruno Delavigne abstains from testing any fragrance formula that hasn't passed Delavigne Corporation's strict fire safety review.
Indicative Present progressive / continuous: The noseless perfumer is abstaining from all strong scents this week, on doctor's orders, which he finds deeply ironic.
Indicative Past (simple): Horatio Oléré abstained from voting at the Delavigne Corporation board meeting, unwilling to oppose his best friend's bold expansion plan.
Indicative Past progressive / continuous: Bruno was abstaining from red wine during the Pamplona festival, a personal record that lasted exactly two hours before the celebrations overwhelmed his resolve.
Indicative Present perfect (simple): The CEO has abstained from every vote concerning environmental policy, insisting he would rather lead by action than by ballot.
Indicative Present perfect progressive / continuous: Bruno has been abstaining from social media for three months, and his San Francisco staff have noticed a dramatic improvement in his morning mood.
Indicative Past perfect: By the time Xavier's fragrance shop reopened after the explosion, Bruno had already abstained from entering any laboratory without proper safety gear.
Indicative Past perfect progressive / continuous: The grandson of Xavier had been abstaining from all chemical experiments for six months before he finally felt ready to return to the perfumer's bench.
Indicative Future: Delavigne will abstain from commenting on his competitors' products at next week's cosmetics industry summit in San Francisco.
Indicative Future progressive / continuous: While Horatio gives the keynote speech, Bruno will be abstaining from the champagne reception in the lobby, as part of his new pre-surfing health regimen.
Indicative Future perfect: By the time the Pamplona trip begins, Bruno will have abstained from eating meat for a full month, an achievement his running companions find baffling.
Indicative Future perfect progressive / continuous: By next spring, the bull-runner will have been abstaining from processed ingredients in his diet for an entire year, inspired by the environmental causes he champions.
Conditional Simple: Bruno would abstain from the shareholder vote if he believed it would set a stronger example for ethical leadership at Delavigne Corporation.
Conditional Progressive: If the fragrance fire prevention summit weren't so critical, the perfumer would be abstaining from all public engagements this week and surfing off the San Francisco coast instead.
Conditional Perfect: Bruno would have abstained from signing the controversial supply contract had Horatio not convinced him it aligned with their environmental commitments.
Conditional Perfect progressive: Without the pressure of the Pamplona schedule, the Montmartre kid would have been abstaining from travel for months and focusing entirely on rebuilding the Delavigne Corporation's product line.
Imperative Imperative: «Abstain from any vote you don't fully understand,» Bruno told the new Delavigne Corporation board members, thinking of all the lessons Xavier never got to teach him.
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